This article corresponds to Smith, S. D., and R. Kriebel. 2018. Convergent evolution of floral shape tied to pollinator shifts in Iochrominae (Solanaceae). Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13416

Dodsworth, Steven

Knapp, Sandra

Orejuela, Andrés

Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro

Särkinen, Tiina

Evolution

English

This article corresponds to Smith, S. D., and R. Kriebel. 2018. Convergent evolution of floral shape tied to pollinator shifts in Iochrominae (Solanaceae). Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13416

University of Bedfordshire Repository

DIGESTSdoi:10.1111/evo.13437Digest: Shape-shifting in Solanaceaeflowers: The influence of pollinators∗Steven Dodsworth,1 Andrés Orejuela,2 Oscar Alejandro Pérez-Escobar,1 Tiina Särkinen,2 and Sandra Knapp3,41Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, United Kingdom2Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom3Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom4E-mail: s.knapp@nhm.ac.ukReceived January 6, 2018Accepted January 22, 2018Aside from climate, plant–pollinator interactions are thought tobe one of the main drivers of diversification in tropical plant lin-eages (Fig. 1; Gentry 1982; Pérez-Escobar et al. 2017). It has beenargued that the great variation in angiosperm flowers is largely in-fluenced by pollinator-mediated selection (Sauquet et al. 2017), aforce that has also been linked with diversification of large groupswithin the flowering plants, such as orchids (Pérez-Escobar et al.2017). Micro-evolutionary studies aimed at understanding mecha-nisms underpinning changes in observed phenotypes have clearlydemonstrated that pollinator shifts are strongly correlated withchanges in floral traits (e.g., Aquilegia; Whittall and Hodges2007). The importance of pollinator-mediated selection in driv-ing divergence at a macro-evolutionary scale, however, remainsunclear.In this issue, Smith and Kriebel (2018) explore the questionof pollinator-mediated selection at a macro-evolutionary scale inthe Andean shrubs of the solanaceous tribe Iochrominae. To un-derstand drivers of deep evolutionary shifts in floral traits, theyused quantitative data in a phylogenetic context to test the Grant–Stebbins model, which predicts pollinator shifts will drive di-vergence and potentially speciation (Johnson 2006). In addition,the authors conducted corolla shape measurements based on ge-ometric morphometrics and reconstructed a robust species-levelphylogeny.Pulling together the first such broad-scale dataset, Smith andKriebel (2018) demonstrate that floral shape evolution withinthe Iochrominae, a clade that includes bird- and insect-pollinatedspecies, has been largely pollinator mediated. Using statistical re-∗This article corresponds to Smith, S. D., and R. Kriebel. 2018. Convergentevolution of floral shape tied to pollinator shifts in Iochrominae (Solanaceae).Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13416.gression methods that account for phylogenetic relationships, theyidentify multiple shifts from narrow, tubular flowers to more opencampanulate and bowl-shaped corollas. These shifts in flowershape are strongly correlated with shifts from hummingbirds,which pollinated the tubular flowers, to a variety of insect polli-nators, which pollinate the more open flowers. Potentially, theseshifts could also reflect a switch from specialist pollination sys-tems to generalist strategies. Such shifts in pollination systemscan occur several times even within genera, and are often asso-ciated with rapid processes of genomic and phenotypic changesuch as hybridization and polyploidization (e.g., McCarthy et al.2016).Smith and Kriebel (2018) also highlight reversibility and la-bility of floral shape and pollination system. Iochrominae are partof the Physalid clade within the Solanaceae, in which the flow-ers are thought to be ancestrally open and bee pollinated (Knapp2010). In the Iochrominae, evolution from tubular flowers to theseancestral open flower shapes has occurred multiple times, withone clear reversal back to a tubular form. The authors suggest thisswitch might be enabled by tubular-flowered species maintainingsome level of insect pollination, which would support previousnotions that pollinator syndromes are not universal (e.g., Barrett2013; Ollerton et al. 2015).Smith and Kriebel’s (2018) study shows that determiningwhen and why a pollinator-shift model applies is important atmacro-evolutionary scales, as not all evolutionary divergence islinked to floral trait shifts, nor are all trait shifts due to pollinator-mediated selection. They suggest that lability of floral traits andpollination systems may be linked to range expansion, opening arich new seam of hypotheses for floral biologists to test at macro-evolutionary scales.7 1 7C© 2018 The Author(s). Evolution C© 2018 The Society for the Study of Evolution.Evolution 72-3: 717–718DIGESTFigure 1. Examples of floral diversity within Solanaceae, a plantfamily that includes important food crops (e.g., potatoes, toma-toes) but also a diversity of floral forms, including large flowersfound in tropical lianas and epiphytes (Orejuela et al. 2017). (A)Brugmansia sanguinea. (B) Dunalia spinosa. (C) Browallia speciosa.(D) Deprea ecuatoriana. (E) Schultesianthus crosbianus. (F) Petu-nia patagonica. (G) Markea longiflora. (H) Nicotiana otophora. (I)Solanum whalenii. (J) Witheringia sp. (K) Physalis pruinosa.Photographs: A, B, Jhoana Castillo; C, D, Andrés Orejuela; E, AlexMonro; F, Steven Dodsworth; G, André Cardoso; H, I, K, SandraKnapp; J, Oscar Alejandro Pérez-Escobar.LITERATURE CITEDBarrett, S. C. H. 2013. The evolution of plant reproductive systems: how oftenare transitions irreversible? Proc. R. Soc. B. 280:20130913.Gentry, A. H. 1982. Neotropical floristic diversity: phytogeographical con-nections between Central and South America, Pleistocene climatic fluc-tuations, or an accident of the Andean orogeny? Ann. Miss. Bot. Garden.69:557–593.Johnson, S. D. 2006. Pollinator-driven speciation in plants. In L. D. Harder,and S. C. H. Barrett, eds. The ecology and evolution of flowers. OxfordUniv. Press, Oxford.Knapp, S. 2010. On “various contrivances”: pollination, phylogeny and flowerform in Solanaceae. Phil. Trans. R Soc. B. 365:449–460.McCarthy, E. W., M. W. Chase, S. Knapp, A. Litt, A. R. Leitch, and S. C. LeComber. 2016. Transgressive phenotypes and generalist pollination inthe floral evolution of Nicotiana polyploids. Nat. Plants. 2:16119.Ollerton, J., A. R. Rech, N. M. Waster, and D. Price. 2015. Using the liter-ature to test pollination syndromes—some methodological cautions. J.Pollination Ecol. 16:119–125.Orejuela, A., G. A. Wahlert, C. I. Orozco, G. Barboza, and L. Bohs. 2017.Phylogeny of the tribes Juanulloeae and Solandreae (Solanaceae). Taxon2:379–392.Pérez-Escobar, O. A., G. Chomicki, F. L. Condamine, A. P. Karremans, D.Bogarı́n, N. J. Matzke, D. Silvestro, and A. Antonelli. 2017. Recentorigin and rapid speciation of Neotropical orchids in the world’s richestplant biodiversity hotspot. New Phytol. 215:891–905.Sauquet, H., M. von Balthazar, S. Magallón, J. A. Doyle, P. K. Endress,E. J. Bailes, E. Barroso de Morais, K. Bull-Hereñu, L. Carrive, M.Chartier, et al. 2017. The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its earlydiversification. Nat. Comm. 8:16047.Smith, S. D., and R. Kriebel. 2018. Convergent evolution of floral shapetied to pollinator shifts in Iochrominae (Solanaceae). Evolution 72:688–697.Whittall, J. B., and S. A. Hodges. 2007. Pollinator shifts drive increasinglylong nectar spurs in columbine flowers. Nature 447:706–709.Associate Editor: K. MooreHandling Editor: M. NoorSUBMIT A DIGESTDigests are short (500 word), news articles about selectedoriginal research included in the journal, written by students orpostdocs. These digests are published online and linked to theircorresponding original research articles. For instructions on Di-gests preparation and submission, please visit the following link:https://sites.duke.edu/evodigests/.7 1 8 EVOLUTION MARCH 2018

Digest: Shape-shifting in Solanaceae flowers: the influence of pollinators*

Orejuela, A.

Pérez-Escobar, O.A.

Särkinen, T.

Knapp, S.

Birkbeck Institutional Research Online

Digest: Shape-shifting in Solanaceae flowers: the influence of pollinators

Steven Dodsworth

Andrés Orejuela

Oscar Alejandro Pérez-Escobar

Tiina Särkinen

Sandra Knapp

Crossref

Digest: Shape-shifting in Solanaceae flowers: The influence of pollinators*

This is the peer reviewed version (not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading ) of the following article: Dodsworth, S., Orejuela, A., Peréz-Escobar, O., Särkinen, T. and Knapp, S. (), Digest: Shape-shifting in solanaceae flowers: The influence of pollinators. Evolution. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1111/evo.13437, which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13437]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.NHM Repositor

Digest: Shape-shifting in Solanaceae flowers: the influence of pollinators*

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