© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for the Study of Emerging Drugs. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )We are pleased to present the first issue of Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addiction, and Health. This is the official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Emerging Drugs, a new, Gold Open Access title. The mutual goal of both the Society and the Journal, is to provide a platform for the rapid exchange of multidisciplinary knowledge on novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), addictions, and their health effects.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Balasingam, Vicknasingam

Bersani, Francesco Saverio

Corazza, Ornella

Kuypers, Kim

Raimondo, Bruno

Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres

English

© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for the Study of Emerging Drugs. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )We are pleased to present the first issue of Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addiction, and Health. This is the official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Emerging Drugs, a new, Gold Open Access title. The mutual goal of both the Society and the Journal, is to provide a platform for the rapid exchange of multidisciplinary knowledge on novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), addictions, and their health effects.Peer reviewe

University of Hertfordshire Research Archive

Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health 1 (2021) 100001 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/etdah Editorial Introducing the new open access Journal Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addiction, and Health  A  S  t  v  o  eT a  l  w  r  n  2  8  t  E  t  t  l  b  ( c  n  p  o  c  a c  w  S  m  k  u  G  t  c  2N l  p  e  i  o  c  r  2  t  a  t  o o  i  o  r  c  (  n  n  e  r p  n  d  i  t  a  R  s  s  p  r  thA2BWe are pleased to present the first issue of Emerging Trends in Drugs,ddiction, and Health. This is the official Journal of the Internationalociety for the Study of Emerging Drugs, a new, Gold Open Accessitle. The mutual goal of both the Society and the Journal, is to pro-ide a platform for the rapid exchange of multidisciplinary knowledgen novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), addictions, and their healthffects. he emergence of novel psychoactive substances In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in NPSs detectedcross the world. NPSs include poorly regulated products often sold on-ine as legal and safer alternatives to internationally controlled drugs,hose effects they tend to mimic ( Corazza et al., 2014 ). The NPS marketemains highly dynamic and is characterised by the emergence of largeumbers of new substances in a growing number of countries. Between009 and 2018, 119 countries and territories reported the emergence of92 NPSs to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),hrough the UNODC Early Warning Advisory on NPSs. Similarly, theuropean Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA),hrough the EU Early Warning System (EWS), monitors over 720 NPSshat have appeared since 1997. Of these, 90% has been reported in theast decade. The increase in NPSs’ number and availability has primarilyeen driven by globalization, the internet, and rapid technology changes EMCDDA 2019 ). Based on their desired subjective and behavioral effects, four NPSategories have been proposed, stimulant, hallucinogenic, cannabi-oid, and depressant, including a range of agents such as cathinones,sychedelics, dissociatives, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists,pioids and benzodiazepines ( Tracy et al., 2017 ). However, due to theirhemical structure, NPSs may exhibit complex combinations of thesections ( Zawilska, 2015 ). Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) and cathinones are among the mostommonly used NPSs ( Assi et al., 2017 , Fattore, 2016 ), with young men,ho also use other substances, as typical users ( Graddy et al., 2018 ).Cs, for example, emerged as drugs of abuse in the late 2000s. Currently,ore than 150 SCs are known, with new analogs appearing rapidly, mar-eted as herbal blends, and often perceived as risk-free by inexperiencedsers ( Armenian et al., 2018 , Davidson et al., 2017 , Fattore, 2016 ).iven SCs’ structural complexity, there are ample chemical modifica-ion options that explain their market’s scale and speed and make legalttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2020.100001 vailable online 20 November 2020 667-1182/© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for tY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) ontrol and analytical detection extremely difficult ( Armenian et al.,018 , Potts et al., 2020 ). ovel psychoactive substances and health Whereas many NPSs have unknown pharmacology, their molecu-ar structure and user reports can indicate the expected behavioral andhysiological effects ( Davidson and Schifano, 2016 ). Claimed desiredffects of cathinones and SCs, for example, are to enhance empathy andncrease the ability to socialize ( Assi et al., 2017 ). In addition to minorr moderate adverse effects, NPSs have been related to serious compli-ations, including cardiovascular, neurological, and psychopathologicaleactions (e.g., agitation, psychosis), as well as to death ( Assi et al.,017 ; Graddy et al., 2018 ; Liechti, 2015 ). Although NPSs’ risks can par-ially be predicted using structurally similar classical illicit substances as reference ( Dawson and Moffatt, 2012 ), more research is needed givenhe lack of data on risk factors and harms associated with long-term usef NPSs ( Meader et al., 2018 ). Major recently emerged problems have led to an increasing rangef risks for people who use psychoactive substances. These include anncrease in the number of highly potent NPSs on the market, manyf which are synthetic cannabinoids or synthetic opioids, and health-elated circumstances, such as, the Covid-19 pandemic, which mightontribute to increase mental disturbances and addictive behaviours Dubey et al., 2020 ; Rajkumar, 2020 ). Of note, special attention iseeded for vulnerable groups such as patients with severe mental ill-esses, or children and adolescents, as NPS-related short-and long-termffects might be more pronounced with increased underlying health-elated disturbances ( Bersani and Prevete, 2017 ; Orsolini et al., 2019 ). Among adolescents and young adults, polydrug use is a widespreadhenomenon ( Lopez-Rodriguez and Viveros, 2019 ), emphasizing theeed to study the effects of drug-drug interactions ( Zawilska and An-rzejczak, 2015 ). Further, data raise the possibility that the use of NPSss often associated with the use of “traditional ” drugs as well as withhe occurrence of various forms of addictions, including behaviouralddictions ( EMCDDA 2017 ; EMCDDA 2019 ; Martinotti et al., 2014 ).egarding patients with severe mental illnesses, a recent review oftudies and case reports suggested that NPS use is underestimated inuch at-risk population and that it can facilitate the exacerbation ofreexisting psychotic disturbances ( Bersani and Prevete, 2017 ). NPS-elated adverse effects can, when mismanaged or misdiagnosed, be life-hreatening ( Smith and Robert, 2014 ). he Study of Emerging Drugs. This is an open access article under the CC Editorial Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health 1 (2021) 100001 F l  c  e  d  m  r  r  a  t  s  2  t  l  a i  f  o  s  a  t  2 i  c  m  (  u  r k  h  s  a  s  w  t                   RA    A   B   C    C    d   D    D   D  D    EEF   G  L   L    L   M   M    M    O    P   R    R   uture research and publication plan In this rapidly changing field, developing a multidisciplinary col-aboration and a global perspective on the issue is the way forward. Aomprehensive study of NPSs and addiction-related phenomena, in fact,ncompasses distant disciplines such as pharmacology, clinical practice,oping science, mental health, public health, forensic medicine, experi-ental psychology, genetics, molecular biology, internal medicine, neu-oscience, health psychology, health policy, and health economics. Inelation to detection, web monitoring activities, together with wastew-ter analyses, clinical and biological observations from healthcare cen-ers, and analyses of fatal cases, will help in the detection of emergentubstances and misuse trends in a time-efficient manner ( Corazza et al.,014 ; Couto et al., 2018 ). While the development of specific analyticechniques is needed ( Martinotti et al., 2017 ), continued efforts to ana-ytically define and confirm agents’ presence in emergency departmentdmissions or hospitalizations are necessary ( Logan et al., 2017 ). To understand these substances’ safety profile, a well-defined system,ncluding information about the NPSs’ structure and activity, will hope-ully allow increasingly fast and accurate communication about trendsf misuse, novel challenges, and potential risks ( Potts et al., 2020 ). Thisystem will hopefully provide a practical framework enabling timelynd reliable information provision for health professionals for whomhis knowledge is essential when managing intoxication ( Rivera et al.,017 ). Although NPSs’ presence is hard to detect with standard screen-ng tests, the clinical management of NPS-related physical and psy-hopathological symptoms hopefully will evolve in the future towardsore specific evidence-based and molecule-focused treatment strategies Schifano et al., 2017 ; Schifano et al., 2016 ). A better understanding ofsers’ motives and profiles could tailor preventative strategies and harmeduction measures ( d’Angelo et al., 2017 ; Martinotti et al., 2017 ). The Journal’s overall purpose is to contribute to improving thenowledge of complex interactions between NPSs, addiction, andealth, with a comprehensive biological, psychological, and social per-pective. By fostering and stimulating the collaboration between partiescross nations on the topic of NPSs, this Journal intends to speed up thecience and the knowledge on the topic, while aiming at enhancing theellbeing of people who suffer, and at providing the latest informationo health professionals. K.P.C. Kuypers ∗ Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty ofPsychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsF.S. BersaniDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome,Italy R. BrunoCollege of Health and Medicine, School of Psychology Sciences, Universityof Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AustraliaB.K. VicknasingamUniversiti Sains Malaysia Center for Drug Research, Minden, MalaysiaA. Roman-UrrestarazuUniversity of Cambridge Department of Public Health and Primary Care,Cambridge, United KingdomO. CorazzaDepartment of Clinical, Pharmacological and Biological Sciences,University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United KingdomDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, SapienzaUniversity of Rome, Rome, Italy∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: k.kuypers@maastrichtuniversity.nl (K.P.C. Kuypers)eferences rmenian, P., Darracq, M., Gevorkyan, J., Clark, S., Kaye, B., Brandehoff, N.P., 2018.Intoxication from the novel synthetic cannabinoids AB-PINACA and ADB-PINACA:A case series and review of the literature. Neuropharmacology 134 (Pt A), 82–91.doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.017 . ssi, S., Gulyamova, N., Ibrahim, K., Kneller, P., Osselton, D., 2017. Profile, effects, andtoxicity of novel psychoactive substances: A systematic review of quantitative studies.Hum. Psychopharmacol. 32 (3). doi: 10.1002/hup.2607 . ersani, G., Prevete, E., 2017. 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Introducing the new open access Journal Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addiction, and Health

© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for the Study of Emerging Drugs.We are pleased to present the first issue of Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addiction, and Health. This is the official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Emerging Drugs, a new, Gold Open Access title. The mutual goal of both the Society and the Journal, is to provide a platform for the rapid exchange of multidisciplinary knowledge on novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), addictions, and their health effects.Peer reviewe

Emerging Trends in Novel Psychoactive Substances and Health Consequences

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Introducing the new open access Journal Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addiction, and Health

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