This review discusses developments in elemental mass spectrometry, atomic absorption, emission and fluorescence, XRF and LIBS, as applied to the analysis of specimens of clinical interest, foods and beverages. Sample preparation procedures and quality assurance are also included.</p

Day, Martin P.

Hill, Sarah

Marshall, John

Patriarca, Marina

Taylor, Andrew

White, Mark

English

Andrew Taylor

Martin P. Day

Sarah Hill

John Marshall

Marina Patriarca

Mark White

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Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

This update is a little shorter than in recent years, reflecting the fewer original papers published. However, the trend for a large number of review articles has continued and these cover a wide range of important topics. In the 2012 update, a noticeable increase in work involving very small samples was evident. These observations continue through into the current review. This was particularly seen with sample introduction systems used for ICP-MS. A microflow device for aerosol generation, based on thermal inkjet technology, provided for analysis of highly dissolved solids at a flow rate of 1 µL min-1 while other high performance arrangements were described which operated at slightly larger delivery rates. As in previous years, major topics include investigations of the metabolism of As and Se. We have also previously reported on the techniques to measure Pt–DNA adducts, developed in the last few years. It is encouraging to see that these are now being applied to studies of platinum anti-cancer treatments in cell cultures and in patients. There are some interesting new methodologies. Quantum dots appeared for the first time in this review with an indirect assay for measuring very low concentrations of protein in urine. A protein conjugate formed with CdTe quantum dots was isolated and the Cd measured by ICP-MS. XRF has poor sensitivity for low atomic number elements but in another indirect assay, Li in mineral water was determined by forming a potassium lithium periodatoferrate complex and measuring the Fe. Magnetic particles are used in some immunoassays to effect separation of reagents and a similar approach was developed using Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles modified with 1-(p-acetyl)phenyl)-3-(o-ethoxyphenyl)triazene to extract and preconcentrate Hg from water and fish samples. Concern over the amount of As in fish and rice and the potential for this element to appear in other food products is evident from studies involving fish oils and organic brown rice syrup. Anyone tempted to eat alligator meat can be reassured that concentrations of Cd, and Pb are very low. We are pleased to have a new contributor to this review; Sarah Hill has considerable experience with ICP-MS techniques including the use of this technique for imaging.    <br/

ResearchOnline@GCU

Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Taylor, A

Day, MP

Hill, S

Marshall, J

Patriarca, M

White, M

Surrey Research Insight

This review includes publications from November 2012 to September 2013. Microfluidic devices are starting to appear in reports relevant to this ASU. Chip-based technologies were described, performing preparation steps, as also were liquid-liquid microextractions, which were mentioned last year. Another innovation involved an atomically imprinted polymer, used for pre-concentration of Se from foods, by an impressive factor of 232. Continuum source AAS is being used more and more with several applications reported for single element measurements but more usually for multi-element determinations. Associated with an increasing concern at the number of failures of metal implants, such as for hips, have been publications of methods for measuring metal ions in clinical samples and also reports of their concentrations in samples from healthy and affected patients. Events such as this draw attention to the importance of well-defined reference ranges and groups from Belgium and the UK measured a range of elements in urine specimens from large numbers of healthy adults. Concentrations for several elements were reported as undetectable so it is useful to see some workers addressing the challenge of reducing detection limits. New approaches to diagnosing Wilson's disease were suggested. It was proposed to measure 65Cu:63Cu ratios in serum and urine, but this is only feasible with access to a MC-ICPMS. Cystic fibrosis is usually diagnosed by determining the Cl concentration in sweat and it has been shown for the first time that this may be carried out using ICP-MS. It was shown that Al and Br in conventional tissue stains might be used to guide the distribution of other elements in cell structures, when determined by LA-ICPMS. A popular element for investigation at the moment appears to be silver. Partly this follows from increased use of silver nanoparticles and whether there might be any toxicity but also from where it is employed for its antibacterial properties, such as in dressings applied to large exposed wounds and in jug filters for drinking water purification

Day, Martin P

Atomic spectrometry update: Review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/files/1373239/ASU_Clinical_and_Biological_Materials_Foods_and_Beverages_2013_published_version.pdf

Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

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ResearchOnline@GCU

Surrey Research Insight

ResearchOnline@GCU

Surrey Research Insight

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