Lukashevich, K.

Pirogova, V.

Rydzevskaya, A.

English

Repository of Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU)

148  УДК 502.132  Pirogova V., Rydzevskaya A., Lukashevich K. Problems and Prospects for the Development of Green Economy in the Republic of Belarus  Belarusian National Technical University  Minsk, Belarus  Scientific and technological progress has made both positive and negative changes in the life of mankind. In recent years, new directions of development have emerged in the industrial and scientific sectors related to the invention, production and sale of products and services that do not harm the environment. In response to these challenges, the Rio Declaration on environment and development was adopted in 1992, and the United Nations plan of action for sustainable development in the twenty-first century was signed. In June 2012, another Congress was held, called "Rio + 20" (in honor of the 20th anniversary of the first Congress in Rio de Janeiro), after which all countries confirmed their commitment to ending subsidies for fossil fuels, called on the UN to develop new components of the sustainable development plan, and discussed expanding membership in the Council of the UN environment program. Thus, the countries, in fact, have committed themselves to make the transition to a green economy [1]. Our country is no exception. Every year, the Republic of Belarus pays more and more attention to environmental issues: state programs are being implemented, legislation is being improved, and fundamental documents are being developed in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Cooperation with foreign countries and international 149  organizations in the field of environmental protection is actively developing, and this is of great importance to us. What does the “green " economy mean? The "green" economy is a certain direction in the economy that has been formed over the past few decades. It assumes that the economy is a dependent part of the natural environment in which it exists, and is an integral part of it. The green economy is a kind of model that leads to better health and social justice of the population, as well as to a greater reduction in dangerous impacts on flora and fauna and a reduction in environmental deficits. Therefore, the "green" economy in the most primitive sense can be considered a low-carbon, resource-saving and socially integrated economic model. Basic principles of green economy development in the Republic of Belarus (project proposal) 1.Further development of legislation on nature protection and application of best practices in the field of water, soil, air and waste management. 2. Increasing the share of the organic sector of agriculture, introducing organic certification in the country and increasing the import of organic products. 150  3. Promotion of ecological and innovative solutions based on the scientific potential of the Republic of Belarus. 4. Use legislation and Economics as tools to mitigate the effects of environmental change and support adaptation measures. 5. Implementation of measures to improve energy efficiency in cities and villages of the Republic of Belarus [2]. 6. Attracting foreign investors and creating "green" jobs. In the Republic of Belarus, there are a number of interrelated environmental and economic problems: climate change, waste accumulation, water pollution, inefficient use of resources, and reduction of biological diversity. The main issues that the Republic of Belarus pays attention to in the period 2016-2020 are: high contribution of transport to air pollution; land degradation with peat soils, shallowing of rivers, violation of the hydrological regime; waste pollution; significant anthropogenic load on surface water; huge energy consumption; insufficient development and distribution of electric transport. If we take into account the above problems, we can identify the following areas of development of the "green" economy in the Republic of Belarus: 1. Development of electric transport (infrastructure) and urban mobility, implementation of the concept of "smart" cities. The development of electric transport will significantly reduce emissions of pollutants. Belarus has sufficient industrial potential for the production and Assembly of electric vehicles and charging stations. 2. Development of energy-efficient residential buildings, reducing the energy intensity of GDP, improving energy efficiency through the introduction of energy-efficient technologies and materials. The state program "housing construction" for 2016-2020 provides for the construction of only energy-efficient housing by 2020. 151  3. Increasing the share of consumption of renewable and alternative energy sources. Currently, the Republic of Belarus has created all conditions for the production of electric and thermal energy using renewable and alternative energy sources (biomass, wind, solar, biogas, natural water flow energy). According to international estimates, the environmental performance index of the Republic of Belarus for 2018 is 64.98 % (44th place among 180 countries) [3]. Summing up all the above, we can conclude that the "green" economy in the Republic of Belarus has only become on the rails of the "green" economy, but has a large number of resources for its further promotion.   References: 1. About green economy [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://greenlogic.by/about_green.html. – Date of access: 10.03.2020. 2. Green economy and its formation [Electronic resource] –Mode of access: https://sibac.info/studconf/natur/lxxxiii/164958. – Date of access: 12.03.2020. 3. Development of green economy [Electronic resource] – Mode of access: https://www.un.org/ru/development/surveys/docs/wess2011. – Date of access: 24.03.2020.  

Problems and Prospects for the Development of Green Economy in the Republic of Belarus

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Problems and Prospects for the Development of Green Economy in the Republic of Belarus

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