This EPI report uses international educational assessment data to explore how England compares with the world leading education nations for the performance of school-age children in reading and mathematics. We investigate the socio-economic gap in secondary school pupils’ academic achievement using the PISA 2015 dataset, which has been linked to the National Pupil Database (NPD). Our goal is to estimate how disadvantaged pupils would achieve in England’s GCSE examinations for mathematics and reading
