This thesis describes an investigation into S-band microwave frequency phase-contrast imaging. Resolution is a critical issue so system enhancements such as optical remote connection and polarisation-dependant sensing have been implemented within an end-to-end sensing system. Initially, the feasibility of phase-contrast measurements was considered and the limits of phase and amplitude measurements established. A switching matrix was then designed and incorporated into a tri-antenna array to demonstrate triangulation-based location. Commercial, linearly-polarised antennas were then used to demonstrate basic object location. A comprehensive experimental investigation into optical transmission of phase sensitive data using Radio over Fibre (RoF) techniques is then described. Reflective technology and directly modulated Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are assessed for suitability as are Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexed (CWDM) architectures. These are believed to be a novel contribution in the imaging context as are the techniques employed to enhance and extend the matching and performance of the optical devices. A directly modulated VCSEL based CWDM method was then used over the extended range of 1 km of standard single mode optical fibre. Subsequently, dual polarisation plane techniques were used to generate sequential, orthogonally-separated measurements, which required the development of a suitable antenna. The design, modelling, construction and deployment of a high cross-polar isolation, patch antenna is then described. An antenna with single symmetrical forward lobes (on both polarisation planes) and low back radiation pattern was devised so enabling sensing from a single coincident point. With the device integrated into the final measurement system the resulting “Polarisation Switched, Narrowband, RF Probe System Using a VCSEL Optical Feed” was used to demonstrate improved resolution of a phase contrast RF measurement system at an optically-remoted distance of 1km
