Najzgodnejše omembe umetnikov v slovenskem jeziku: Ljubljanska oklicna knjiga 1737–1759 kot vir za slovensko umetnostno zgodovino

Abstract

The paper analyses the earliest references of painters, sculptors and other artists in the Slovenian language. In Slovenian texts and dictionaries, Slovenian titles for professions are attested to since the second half of the 16th century, however, they are not directly referenced to specific persons. Based on the fact that written Slovenian was a language that was rarely used in the secular sphere until the Enlightenment, a larger number of such references can be found only from the middle of the 18th century. An extensive register of banns of the St Nicholas’ parish in Ljubljana from 1737–1759 represents a valuable source for such references. The Slovenian expressions for the discussed professions, which can be found in the book, were entirely adapted from German. Painters are designated as malar or maler, sculptors as pilavar, pildtaver and bildtaver, painters of cards as kartenmalar or kartenmaler, gilders as faser and fergulder or ferguldar, and the only master builder as paumaster. The book is not only a rich source of information about Slovenian professional terminology of the 18th century, but also a treasury for researching individuals’ microcosms.Prispevek obravnava najzgodnejše omembe slikarjev, kiparjev in drugih umetnikov v slovenskem jeziku. Glede na to, da je bila pisana slovenščina v svetni sferi do razsvetljenstva zelo malo rabljen jezik, srečamo večje število tovrstnih omemb šele sredi 18. stoletja. Slovenski nazivi za njihove poklice so sicer v slovenskih besedilih in slovarjih izpričani od druge polovice 16. stoletja, vendar brez navezave na konkretne osebe. Dragocen vir omemb predstavlja obsežna oklicna knjiga ljubljanske stolne župnije sv. Nikolaja iz let 1737–1759. Slovensko izrazje za obravnavane poklice, ki ga v njej srečujemo, je bilo v celoti adaptirano iz nemščine. Slikarji so označeni kot malar in maler, kiparji kor pilavar, pildtaver in bildtaver, slikarji kart kot kartenmalar oziroma kartenmaler, pozlatarji kot faser in fergulder oziroma ferguldar, edini stavbenik pa kot paumaster. Knjiga ni samo bogat vir podatkov slovenske poklicne terminologije 18. stoletja, ampak tudi zakladnica za preučevanje mikrokozmosa posameznikov