A., Anand

A., Kumar

K., Singh

N.D., Singh

N.S., Saini

S.K., Mahajan

V., Sangwan

English

Kumar A.

Sangwan V.

Mahajan S.K.

Singh N.D.

Singh K.

Anand A.

Saini N.S.

Directory of Open Access Journals

Transmissible Venereal Tumor Induced Paraphimosis in Dogs

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)

Although transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) ofexternal genitalia is most common in canine(McEntee et al., 2002) but incidence of paraphimo-sis in TVT victims is rare. The present report putson record TVT as a cause to paraphimosis in fourdogs.The present study included four male dogs hav-ing paraphimosis associated with TVT lesions. Af-fected dogs were middle aged with age between 3to 7 years. These were either Mongrel (N.=3) orDalmatian (N.=1) breeds. History revealed thatparaphimosis occurred 2 to 5 days back. Urinationwas normal in all the animals. On clinical exami-nation engorged penis protruding out of the pre-puce was recorded. Fragile pink cauliflower likegrowths at the bulb of the penis suspected for TVTlesions were also observed (Fig. 1). The lesionswere cleaned to remove debris and impressionsmear were taken by moderately pressing micro-scopic slides over the lesions for cytological exam-ination. Typical TVT cells with a round nucleus, asingle eccenteric nucleolus, and a thin rim of lightblue, vacuolated cytoplasm were observed (Fig. 2).In the Dalmatian dog, the tumor tissue was infestedwith maggots also.  In all the animals, penis wasred in color with no evidence of necrosis. In three cases (two Mongrel dogs and one Dal-matian), the paraphimosis was relieved using lig-nocaine jelly as a lubricant without any sedation.In the Dalmatian, TVT lesions were infested withmaggots thus Negasunt powder was applied beforerelieving paraphimosis. No incision on the prepu-cial orifice was required in these cases. The correc-tion of paraphimosis was done as per methoddescribed by Kahn (2010). The prepuce wasslightly retracted further in the posterior directionand the first fingers of both the hands were used tohold the inverted prepucial opening. The simulta-neous effort of fingers pushing the prepuce anteri-orly and the thumbs of both hands pushing the bulbof penis posteriorly were required to replace thepenis in the prepucial cavity. Two to three attemptswere required for a successful outcome. In oneMongrel dog, attempts to replace the penis in theprepucial cavity using lignocaine jelly were not re-warding. Thus a small incision was made on thedorsal aspect of the prepucial opening to relieveparaphimosis under general anesthesia using at-ropine, xylazine and ketamine. The incised skinwas apposed with a mattress suture using NylonNo. 1. All the four dogs were administered meloxi-cam at 0.2mg/kg, IM, once a day for 3 days. In ad-dition, Dalmatian was also given Inj. Cefotaximeat 20mg/kg twice a day, IM for 3 days. All the dogswere given Inj. vincristine sulphate at 0.025mg/kgdissolved in 10 ml distilled water, intravenously, atweekly interval for 3 to 5 weeks as per the clinicalregression of the tumor. The supportive medicationincluded Tab Ranitidine 150 mg, orally twice dailyand Syp. Liv 52, 1 tsf twice a day throughout thecourse of chemotherapy. All the dogs completelyrecovered from the paraphimosis as well as TVTwithout any complications. Paraphimosis is the inability to completely re-tract the penis into the prepucial cavity which usu-ally occurs following sexual excitement or mating.There are multiple etiologies associated to the con-dition like inversion of the skin of prepucial orificewhich impairs venous drainage from the penis,mild congenital or acquired phimosis, and foreignobjects around penis, neoplasia, trauma, chronicbalanoposthitis and paralysis of retractor penis*Corresponding author: Kumar AAddress: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinaryand Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, IndiaE-mail address: drashwanikumar@rediffmail.comJournal of Advanced Veterinary ResearchVolume 2 (2012) 48-49Transmissible Venereal Tumor Induced Paraphimosis in DogsKumar A.*, Sangwan V., Mahajan S.K., Singh N.D., Singh K., Anand A., Saini N.S.Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and AnimalSciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India(Recieved 16 Juli 2011/ Accepted 14 December 2011)Short CommunicationsISSN: 2090-6277/2090-6269, www.advancedvetresearch.commuscles (Kustritz, 2001, Fossum, 2007). TVT asan etiology to paraphimosis has rarely beenrecorded in the literature. Boscos and Ververidis(2004) recorded only 0.8% incidence of paraphi-mosis due to TVT.In the present study, all the dogs were youngadult to middle aged. Three out of four dogs wereMongrel and street dogs. Similarly previous studiesreport high incidence of genital TVT in free roam-ing, intact young dogs between 2 to 5 years of ageand is transmitted by contact with infected genitaliaduring coitus (McEntee et al., 2002, Rogers et al.,1998, Fossum, 2007). Since it is a venereal tumorand mostly occurs in stray population in adulthoodage when the dog is allowed to mate in the pack. Adog suffering from TVT lesions may not be able toretract the penis back into the prepucial cavity aftercoitus or sexual excitement due to the presence ofmassive growth at the bulbus glandis which mighthave hindered the retraction of penis. De-Lorimierand Fan (2007) opined that TVT may cause para-phimosis but Ndiritu (1979) reported that co-inci-dence of paraphimosis in cases of TVT isstatistically non-significant.Presence of paraphimosis in three Mongrel orstray dogs of the present study, indicates thatchronic untreated cases of genital TVT in maledogs may result in development of paraphimosisdue to physical obstruction. No necrosis or discol-oration of penis due to paraphimosis associatedwith TVT lesions was seen in any of the dog of thepresent study; however discoloration, necrosis andurethral obstruction have been reported in dogswith paraphimosis (Fossum, 2007). The TVT canbe tentatively diagnosed from typical lesions andby fine needle aspiration or impression smear cy-tology (Rogers et al 1998; McEntee et al 2002;Fossum 2007). Vincristine sulphate has been re-ported to be safe and effective in the treatment ofcanine TVT lesions (Rogers et al., 1998, Fossum,2007).ReferencesBoscos, C.M., Ververidis H.N., 2004. Canine TVT: Clinicalfindings, diagnosis and treatment. Proceedings of the29th World Congress of World Small Animal Associ-ation.De-Lorimier, L.P., Fan, T.M., (2007. Canine transmissiblevenereal tumor. In: Small Animal Clinical Oncology,Fourth edition, Edited by Withrow, S.J., Vail, D.M.,W.B. Saunders, New York.Fossum, T.W., 2007. Surgery of the Reproductive and genitalsystems. In: Small animal Surgery, Third edition,Mosby Elsevier, pp: 768-769. Kustritz, M.V.R., 2001. Disorders of the canine penis. Vet-erinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Prac-tice 31, 247-258.   Kahn, C.M., 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 10th Edi-tion, Merck and Co. Inc, USA 1287-1288, 1294.McEntee, M.C., 2002. Reproductive oncology. ClinicalTechniques in Small animal Practice 17, 133-149.Ndiritu, C.G., 1979. Lesions of the canine penis and prepuce.Modern Veterinary Practice 60, 712-715. Rogers, K.S., Walker, M.A. Dillon, H.B., 1998. Transmissi-ble venereal tumor: A retrospective study on 29 cases.Journal of American Animal Hospital Association 34,463-470.49Kumar A.  et al. / Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research 2 (2012) 48-49Fig. 1. Photograph showing circumcised growth atthe base of penis causing paraphimosis (See insetFigure A). Fig. 2. Microphotograph of impression smearshowing scattered round tumor cells suggestive ofTVT.

Transmissible Venereal Tumor Induced Paraphimosis in Dogs

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Directory of Open Access Journals

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)