AMIR, MOHAMMAD

KAHONO, SIH

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Short note:POLliNATION IN FLOWERS OF CROTALLARIA URASAMOENSISBAKER (PAPILIONACEAE),BYBEEPOLINATORSbyMOHAMMAD AMIR AND SIH KAHONOMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Puslitbang BiologiResearch and Development Centre for Biology,The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)The flowers of Crotallaria urasamoensis has the characteristics inhaving the flowers mostly conspicuously papilionaceous in terminal oraxillary, with many flowered inflorescense; the flower being yellowstreakly at first which later turn orange or orange brown afterwards(Backer and van den Brink Jr. in Flora of Java, vol. 1 : 583-585,1963). Observations were made on insect visitors frequenting flowersof C. urasamoensis which grew wild at Baranangsiang andSindangbarang area in the district of Bogor. As many as 15 species ofinsect visitors were. found frequented the flowers. They consisted ofDiptera: Drosophyllidae (2 species), Syrphidae (1 species), Muscidae(1 species); Lepidoptera: Jamides sp. (1 species). Jamides parasaturaius,Halpe sp. (1 species), Hesperidae (1 species), Hymneoptera : Xylocopalatipes, X. confusa, Camponotus irritansand, Camponotus sp.,Anoplolepis longipes, Megachile opposita and Formicidae (1 species).Pollination of flowers in C. urasamoensis can occur when theflowers are visited by appropriate insect visitors, as its anters andpistils are located hidden in the flowers parts which is called carina(Fig. 1) and is very hard for most insect visitors to break through.Among all insect flower visitors, only those having large body andstrong mouth parts, X. latipes, X. confusa and M. oppsita (Fig. 2) areable to overcome the problem, enabling the pollination process totake place.The presence of rough and long hair over the body and legs of thethree species of bees play important role in carrying pollen grain fromflowers they visited. Hairs on the ventral abdomen of M: compositaare evenly woven to form a pollen basket. .Pollen grains from oneflower adhering to the bee hairs are transported to other flowers5556 TREUBIA VOL. 31, 1994, PART 1during bee VIsIt, fascilitating cross pollination to take place amongflowers-of the same species.Figure 1. The flower of Crotallaria urasamoensisA. Lateral view: The pistil and anther are liberated from carinaB. Upper view : The pistil and anther are enclosed by carina1. vellum 3. calyx 5. stem 7. anther2. wing 4. carina 6. pistil 8. young pod12 "'m 'Figure 2. The large bees Crotallaria pollinators1. Megachile opposite; ventral view2. Xylocopa confusa; ventral view3. X. latipes, ventral view20 mmIn addition, when the bees land and sit on the flower. the bees'6tas\> the corolla and the carinal with their legs. Using their stoutAMIR M. & KAHONO S. : Pollination of Crotallaria 57mouth part, the bees suck the nectar up from the scape of the corollalvelum and keep staying or hanging over the flower. In this position,the bees body weight exerts such a pressure on the carinal, makingthe stamens and pistil of the flower protrude through a small hole atthe tip of carinal. Upon observation it was found that the body weightof X. latipe, X. confusa and M. opposita was LOS, 0,36 and 0,17 grrespectively. Such weight is sufficients to modify the position of thecorollar pan: of the flower. In this way the stamens and pistil meettogether, and at the same time they are touched by the hairs whichcover the ventral part of the bees body.The inflorescence visit done by X. confusa and X. latipes to C.urasamoensis are mainly for sucking nectar, but at the same time thebees may act as agents for carrying pollen grains. Upon observation itwas found that the bees brush the pollen grain using theirmesothoracic legs and keep the pollen grain on hairs of ventraladomen. In this way, the bees fascilitate the occurence of crosspollination on other flowers during successive visits.An experiment to isolate the flowers of C. urasamoensis by meansof exclusion of the flowers from the visit of X. latipes and X. confusashowed that the flower fails to produce seeds in pods.

POLLINATION IN FLOWERS OF CROTALLARIA URASAMOENSIS BAKER (PAPILIONACEAE),BY BEE POLINATORS

https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/download/633/412

POLLINATION IN FLOWERS OF CROTALLARIA URASAMOENSIS BAKER (PAPILIONACEAE),BY BEE POLINATORS

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