Identifications are sought for 12 sub-mm sources detected by Eales et al
(1998). Six are securely identified, two have probable identifications and four
remain unidentified with I_AB > 25. Spectroscopic and estimated photometric
redshifts indicate that four of the sources have z < 1, and four have 1 < z <
3, with the remaining four empty field sources probably lying at z > 3. The
spectral energy distributions of the identifications are consistent with those
of high extinction starbursts such as Arp 220. The far-IR luminosities of the
sources at z > 0.5 are of order 3 x 10^12 h_50^-2 L_sun, i.e. slightly larger
than that of Arp 220. Based on this small sample, the cumulative bolometric
luminosity function shows strong evolution to z ~ 1, but weaker or possibly
even negative evolution beyond. The redshift dependence of the far-IR
luminosity density does not appear, at this early stage, to be inconsistent
with that seen in the ultraviolet luminosity density. Assuming that the energy
source in the far-IR is massive stars, the total luminous output from
star-formation in the Universe is probably dominated by the far-IR emission.
The detected systems have individual star-formation rates (exceeding 300
h_50^-2 M_O yr^-1) that are much higher than seen in the ultraviolet selected
samples, and which are sufficient to form substantial stellar populations on
dynamical timescales of 10^8 yr. The association with merger-like morphologies
and the obvious presence of dust makes it attractive to identify these systems
as forming the metal-rich spheroid population, in which case we would infer
that much of this activity has occurred relatively recently, at z ~ 2.Comment: 17 pages text + 14 figures. Accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journal. Gzipped tar file contains one text.ps file for text
and tables, one Fig2.jpg file for Fig 2, and 13 Fig*.ps files for the
remaining figure
