The aim of this study is to describe and explain variation in use of instructional materials such as laptops, textbooks, paper-based materials, and whiteboards in teaching in compulsory education. The data consists of video recordings of 74lessons in Swedish schools. The results from quantitative analyses confirm previous research by demonstrating that the teachers in the study distributed more time to paper-based materials than other instructional materials. These results are interpreted using field notes and video images. The regression model confirms that subject area and class size influence teachers’ and students’ use of instructional materials
