Studies on youth participation tend to characterize youth as either active and trustful or as passive and alienated. This cross-national and longitudinal study examines patterns of citizenship orientations characterized by both manifest and latent involvement differentiated by one\u2019s position toward institutional politics (trustful or distrustful) among 1914 adolescents from five European countries (53.5% female; MAGE =16.27). Demographic and proximal contextual correlates associated with different orientations at a one-year interval were also assessed.
Latent profile analysis identified four groups of citizenship orientations among adolescents: engaged trustful, engaged distrustful, unengaged trustful, unengaged distrustful. Differences of membership likelihood were found for background characteristics (gender and family income), school characteristics (track, democratic climate, student participation and its perceived quality), family and peer norms of participation
