We examine the influence of the morphology-density(MD) relation and a wide
range of simple models for biased galaxy formation on statistical measures of
large scale structure. We contrast the behavior of local biasing models, in
which the efficiency of galaxy formation is determined by density, geometry, or
velocity dispersion of the local mass distribution, with that of non-local
biasing models, in which galaxy formation is modulated coherently over scales
larger than the galaxy correlation length. If morphological segregation of
galaxies is governed by a local MD relation, then the correlation function of
E/S0 galaxies should be steeper and stronger than that of spiral galaxies on
small scales, as observed, while on large scales the correlation functions of
E/S0 and spiral galaxies should have the same shape but different amplitudes.
Similarly, all of our local bias models produce scale-independent amplification
of the correlation function and power spectrum in the linear and mildly
non-linear regimes; only a non-local biasing mechanism can alter the shape of
the power spectrum on large scales. Moments of the biased galaxy distribution
retain the hierarchical pattern of the mass moments, but biasing alters the
values and scale-dependence of the hierarchical amplitudes S3 and S4.
Pair-weighted moments of the galaxy velocity distribution are sensitive to the
details of the biasing prescription. The non-linearity of the relation between
galaxy density and mass density depends on the biasing prescription and the
smoothing scale, and the scatter in this relation is a useful diagnostic of the
physical parameters that determine the bias. Although the sensitivity of galaxy
clustering statistics to the details of biasing is an obstacle to testing
cosmological models, it is an asset for testing galaxy formation theories.Comment: 47 pages including 17 Figures, submitted to Ap