Back pain is a common disorder presented in musicians having a direct impact on their posture and life. This may likely be prevented by the use of a seat with lumbar support. High density sEMG investigates the muscle activity with potential for training (biofeedback)

Aranceta-Garza, Alejandra

D'Emanuele, Samuel

Merletti, Roberto

Russo, Alessandro

Serafino, Francesca

University of Dundee Online Publications

Back muscle activity in musicians:comparison between two different chairs

Aranceta Garza, Alejandra

University of Strathclyde Institutional Repository

Russo, Alessandro and Aranceta Garza, Alejandra and D'Emanuele, Samuel and Serafino, Francesca and Merletti, Roberto (2017) Back muscle activity in musicians : comparison between two different chairs. In: Societá Italiana di Analisi del Movimento in Clinica, 2017-10-04 - 2017-10-07. , This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/66099/Strathprints is  designed  to  allow  users  to  access  the  research  output  of  the  University  of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may  not  engage  in  further  distribution  of  the  material  for  any  profitmaking  activities  or  any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output.Introduction. Back pain is a common disorder presented in musicians havinga direct impact on their posture and life. This may likely be prevented by the useof a seat with lumbar support [1,2]. High density sEMG investigates the muscleactivity with potential for training (biofeedback).Materials and methods. A total of 25 musicians from the Music Schools ofAlessandria, Aosta and Cuneo, Italy, took part in this study. Nine violinists (8F,1M) and 16 pianists (9F, 7M) played during 2h and 1h respectively, a standardpiece of music while sitting on an orchestra chair (O-chair) and on an alternativesaddle chair (A-chair), Varier Move with lumbar support that forces a differenthip angle (Fig. 1a, 1b), on separate days. HDsEMG was acquired for 20 s every5 min from a right and a left array (8x8 electrodes with Ø = 3 mm and center-to-center distance of 10 mm) placed between T11 and L4 (Fig. 1c). The raw sEMG,the RMS value of each longitudinal differential channel (Fig. 2), and the RMSmap of each side, over each 20s epoch (Fig. 3), were investigated. A region ofactivity (ROA) was defined for each map and the spatial mean RMS value wascomputed over the ROA.Back muscle activity in musicians: comparison between two different chairsA. Russo 1 6'·(PDQXHOH2, F. Serafino 1, A. Aranceta-Garza 3, R. Merletti 11 LISiN (Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino), Torino, Italy2 SUISM (School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Università di Torino), Torino, Italy3 BME (Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Strathclyde), Glasgow, UKResults. In 8 (out of 9) violinists and 7 (out of 16) pianists the raw sEMG showed a ³EXUVW-OLNH´ activity with lower amplitude on the alternativechair (Fig. 2 and 4). In both players the ROA (area of about 40x80 mm) was close to the spine and its mean sEMG RMS value was significantlylower for the A-chair (decrement of 11.9 - 78.3% for violinist and 12.9 - 62.3% for pianists, p<0.01). The A-chair presented a smaller ROA RMS map.Burst frequency was 2.9  0.7 burst/s (mean  st.dev) for violinists and 3.2  0.8 burst/s for pianists (no statistical difference between chairs). Nosignificant myoelectric manifestations of fatigue or changes of the ROA centroid were observed during either playing session.Conclusions. The sEMG signals from the erector spinae ofviolinists and pianists show a burst activity suggesting thepostural control mechanism observed in [3]. They have signi-ficantly lower amplitude when the A-chair is used. Myoelectricmanifestations of fatigue are not evident in either case [4].Research on optimization of the lumbar support is justified.References[1] C. Zaza, Playing related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians: a systematic review of literature. Am. J. Ind. Med. 1997;32:1019-1025.[2] A. Grieco, E. Occhipinti et al., Muscular effort and musculoskeletal disorders in piano students: electromyographic, clinical and preventive aspects. Ergonomics. 1989;32(7);697-716. [3] T. M. M. Vieira, I. D. Loram et al.,  Recruitment of motor units in the medial gastrocnemius muscle during human quiet standing: Is recruitment intermittent?  What triggers recruitment? J. of Neurophys. 2012;107(2);666-676[4] J. P. Weir, T. W. Beck et al., Is fatigue in your head? Br. J. Sports. Med. 2006;40(7);573-586.time (s)8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.08.0RMS(µV)4.25.06.48.19.210.311.110.812.212.914.014.113.614.216.63.23.63.53.74.24.96.87.78.910.812.512.812.712.411.4Scale: 133 µV/div T11gridtime (s)8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.08.0RMS(µV)3.23.33.23.44.45.37.35.813.112.111.412.512.516.016.22.72.52.62.73.32.63.03.53.93.24.14.24.74.73.8O-chair A-chairLeftRightLeftRightFig. 2 ± Single differential signals from a violinist on O-chair and A-chair from both sides of the back. The burst activity is clearly visible with 9 bursts of 200-250ms duration each, in4 s. Clear difference in the sEMG amplitude is appreciated, with lower values for the A-chair.Fig. 1 ± Example of sitting posture on standard chair (a), on alternativechair (b), and grid positioning on a VXEMHFW¶V back (c). The two chairs implydifferent trunk-thigh angles.b)a) c)T11L414.6, 4.3 -:- 14.7, 5.3 -:- 27.0 10.3, 2.0 -:- 25.3 9.4, 3.3 -:- 20.9051015202530RMS (µV)LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHTO-chair A-chairRMS differential maps from subject 7 (violin):  epoch = 20sFig. 3 ± Single differential RMS maps from a violinist, comparison between O-chair and A-chair. Onthe top of each map the mean, min and max values in µV are indicated.Acknowledgment. Financial support from Progetto Lagrange (Fond. CRT), Varier Furniture s.r.l. and Glasgow Research Partnership in Engineering.O-chair Trial 25, Column 7 and 8Violin Player210ms340ms150µVPPT11Column 1Column 8µVRMS13.0 13.4 13.612.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 13.8 14.0 (s)12.8220ms 50µVPP240ms30µVPPL RLEFTRIGHTLEFT10      11      12     13     14    15      16      17     18  (s)RIGHT13.2Fig. 4 Example of EMG burst activity on differential signals.200ms70µVPP90µVPPO-chair: Orchestra chairA-chair: Alternative chair (Varier Move)

Back muscle activity in musicians : comparison between two different chairs

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Back muscle activity in musicians:comparison between two different chairs

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