We would like to thank NERC for funding the airborne remote sensing campaign (HMTF grant NE/K016377/1 to the BALI consortium, YM, DC and DB) + direct access grant to MC, DSB, GM and DB), analyses (grants NE/P004806/1 to MC, DSB, GF, DB, GH, and NE/I528477/1 to GH, DSB, GF), and ground-based work (grant NE/P012337/1 to YM, MD and LPB); an ERC Advanced Investigator Award (321131) to YM for funding the UAV work; LAStools’ LASmoons program for a free academic license; and an Anne McLaren Research fellowship by the University of Nottingham to GH for funding the tree climbing. YM is supported by the Jackson Foundation. Data availability statement Generated Statement: The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bentley, LP

bin Jami, J

Boyd, DS

Burslem, DFRP

Chandler, CJ

Coomes, DA

Cutler, MEJ

Disney, M

Foody, G

Jackson, T

Majalap, N

Malhi, Y

Nilus, R

Reynolds, G

Shenkin, A

van der Heijden, GMF

Wilkes, P

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change

English

We would like to thank NERC for funding the airborne remote sensing campaign (HMTF grant NE/K016377/1 to the BALI consortium, YM, DC and DB) + direct access grant to MC, DSB, GM and DB), analyses (grants NE/P004806/1 to MC, DSB, GF, DB, GH, and NE/I528477/1 to GH, DSB, GF), and ground-based work (grant NE/P012337/1 to YM, MD and LPB); an ERC Advanced Investigator Award (321131) to YM for funding the UAV work; LAStools’ LASmoons program for a free academic license; and an Anne McLaren Research fellowship by the University of Nottingham to GH for funding the tree climbing. YM is supported by the Jackson Foundation. Data availability statement Generated Statement: The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.Peer reviewe

Shenkin, Alexander

Chandler, Christopher

Boyd, Doreen

Jackson, Tobias

bin Jami, Jamiluddin

Disney, Mathias

Majalap, Noreen

Nilus, Reuben

Foody, Giles

Reynolds, Glen

Wilkes, Phil

Cutler, Mark

Van Der Heijden, Geertje M.

Burslem, David

Coomes, David

Bentley, Lisa Patrick

Malhi, Yadvinder

Aberdeen University Research

The world’s tallest tropical tree in three dimensions

Bin Jami, J

Van Der Heijden, GMF

ORA - Oxford University Research Archive

The world's tallest tropical tree in three dimensions

Here we report the recent discovery of the world’s tallest tropical tree (Shorea faguetiana), possibly the world’s tallest angiosperm (flowering plant), located in the rainforests of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. In addition, we provide a novel three-dimensional exploration of the dimensions of this remarkable tree and use these data to speculate on what drives the limits of tree height. Through consideration of both mechanical (risk of wind damage) and ecophysiological constraints we argue that this tree is close to the maximum height possible for angiosperms, around 100 m, and discuss more broadly what the nature and location of this tree imply about the limits to tree height. We propose to name this remarkable tree “Menara”, Malay for “tower”

Chandler, Chris J.

Boyd, Doreen S.

Jackson, Toby

Cutler, Mark E. J.

van der Heijden, Geertje M.F.

Burslem, David F. R. P.

Coomes, David A.

University of Dundee Online Publications

Here we report the recent discovery of the world's tallest tropical tree (Shorea faguetiana), possibly the world's tallest angiosperm (flowering plant), located in the rainforests of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. In addition, we provide a novel three-dimensional exploration of the dimensions of this remarkable tree and use these data to speculate on what drives the limits of tree height. Through consideration of both mechanical (risk of wind damage) and ecophysiological constraints we argue that this tree is close to the maximum height possible for angiosperms, around 100 m, and discuss more broadly what the nature and location of this tree imply about the limits to tree height. We propose to name this remarkable tree “Menara,” Malay for “tower.”This tall tree (“Menara”) was first identified during an airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey conducted in 2014. The tree is located in the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA) in Sabah, which also holds the previous record holder for tallest tropical tree1. This tree is located at an elevation of 436 m a.s.l on a slope of 33° and an aspect of 72°. Because airborne LiDAR is prone to significant errors when used to estimate heights of individual trees (Wan Mohd Jaafar et al., 2018), and because hilly topography will likely exacerbate those errors, record claims need to verified by reliable and calibrated instruments (such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning [TLS]) and, ideally, manual tape measurement. Hence, following the airborne identification, researchers returned in August 2018 to manually measure trunk diameter and conduct TLS scans and a drone flight to construct a detailed 3D model (Figure 1) and to calculate tree height and other dimensions. A further visit was conducted in January 2019, during which the tree was climbed to the top of its crown so the height could be directly verified with a measuring tape (Figure 2)

van der Heijden, Geertje M. F.

Repository@Nottingham

The World's Tallest Tropical Tree in Three Dimensions

Oxford University Research Archive (ORA)

Apollo (Cambridge)

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/325264/2/Shenkin%20et%20al%202019%20-%20Menara.pdf

The World's Tallest Tropical Tree in Three Dimensions

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Aberdeen University Research

ORA - Oxford University Research Archive

University of Dundee Online Publications

Repository@Nottingham

Oxford University Research Archive (ORA)

Apollo (Cambridge)

University of Dundee Online Publications