Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo
Abstract
This paper pursues socio-philosophical approach for violence around education such as school bullying, child abuse and campus harassment. In the mainstream of French sociology, social violence tends to be connected directly with “the sacred” and its effect like Durkheim and former Mauss. But after the death of Durkheim, Mauss suggested the ambivalence of gift between goodwill and poison on the “totality” of primitive society, which lead to theoretical roads both total symbolic interactionism and general structuralism. Lévi-Strauss resolved it into monolithic general exchange, on the other hand Baudrillard and Clastre described primitive society in the aspect of genetics of elemental power and violence with some examples of counter-violence. Their perspectives regard the gift and its violence as the result of fundamental human interaction, which are brought about our feeling of indebtedness based on social desire for admission. Then, how can we justify any violence against the power? Derrida answered this question reading Benjamin’s criticism deconstructively, expressing Benjamin’s mythic violence as “violence against violence.” From the empirical point of view, we find mythic violence means the self-sacrifice of “accusation” against compulsory violence. That counter-violence has ontological foundation in materiality of the language, therefore we can avoid structural ignorance on the worst violence of silence
