Bulk tank milk somatic cell counts are the indicator of the mammary gland health in the dairy herds and may be regarded as an indirect measure of milk quality. Elevated somatic cell counts are correlated with changes in milk composition The aim of this study was to assess the somatic cell counts that significantly affect the quality of milk and dairy products. We examined the somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples from 38 farms during the period of 6 months, from December to the May of the next year. The flow cytometry, Fossomatic was used for determination of somatic cell counts. In the same samples content of total proteins and lactose was determined by Milcoscan. Our results showed that average values for bulk tank milk samples were 273,605/ml from morning milking and 292,895/ml from evening milking. The average values for total proteins content from morning and evening milking are 3,31 and 3,34%, respectively. The average values for lactose content from morning and evening milking are 4,56 and 4,63%, respectively. The highest somatic cell count (516,000/ml) was detected in bulk tank milk sample from evening milk in the Winter and the lowest content of lactose was 4,46%. Our results showed that obtained values for bulk tank milk somatic cell counts did not significantly affected the content of total proteins and lactose

Mikulec, D. P.

Savić, N. R.

Savić-Radovanović, Radoslava

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

English

N R Savić

D P Mikulec

R S Radovanović

Crossref

Somatic cell counts in bulk milk and their importance for milk processing

Savić Radovanović, Radoslava

Veterinar - Repository of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental SciencePAPER • OPEN ACCESSSomatic cell counts in bulk milk and theirimportance for milk processingTo cite this article: N R Savi et al 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 85 012085 View the article online for updates and enhancements.Related contentBioelectrical impedance analysis forbovine milk: Preliminary resultsP Bertemes-Filho, R Valicheski, R MPereira et al.-Dietary Protected Feed Supplement toIncrease Milk Production and Quality ofDairy CowsA Pramono, E Handayanta, D T Widayatiet al.-Effect of Fruit Lemon Juice Addition to TheContent of Protein, Fat, Lactose andProbiotic on Soy YogurtF M T Supriyanti, Zackiyah and N Azizah-This content was downloaded from IP address 147.91.1.43 on 30/05/2020 at 12:141Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd123456789059th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON2017 IOP PublishingIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 85 (2017) 012085    doi   :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012085      Somatic cell counts in bulk milk and their importance for milk processing   N R Savić1, D P Mikulec2, R S Radovanović3 1 Eko-lab Ltd, Padinska Skela, Serbia 2 Scientific Veterinary Institute of Serbia Beograd, Department for food hygiene, Autoput 3, New Belgrade, Serbia 3 Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia E-mail: mimica@vet.bg.ac.rs  Abstract. Bulk tank milk somatic cell counts are the indicator of the mammary gland health in the dairy herds and may be regarded as an indirect measure of milk quality. Elevated somatic cell counts are correlated with changes in milk composition The aim of this study was to assess the somatic cell counts that significantly affect the quality of milk and dairy products. We examined the somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples from 38 farms during the period of 6 months, from December to the May of the next year. The flow cytometry, Fossomatic was used for determination of somatic cell counts. In the same samples content of total proteins and lactose was determined by Milcoscan. Our results showed that average values for bulk tank milk samples were 273,605/ml from morning milking and 292,895/ml from evening milking. The average values for total proteins content from morning and evening milking are 3,31 and 3,34%, respectively. The average values for lactose content from morning and evening milking are 4,56 and 4,63%, respectively. The highest somatic cell count (516,000/ml) was detected in bulk tank milk sample from evening milk in the Winter and the lowest content of lactose was 4,46%. Our results showed that obtained values for bulk tank milk somatic cell counts did not significantly affected the content of total proteins and lactose. 1.Introduction Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent and costly disease, affecting dairy farms worldwide. Economic losses associated with mastitis derive mainly from a decrease in milk production and to a lesser extent, from the culling of chronically infected cows, cost of veterinary treatment, and penalties on milk quality 1. Bovine mastitis is characterized by inflammation of the mammary gland. The inflammation severity depends on the causative agent and the host response. Resident and recruited cells together play an essential role in immediate defense against local infection 2. Somatic cells are therefore a reflection of the inflammatory response to an intramammary infection. The somatic cell counts (SCC) for an uninfected quarter is approximately 70, 000 cells. There is variation around this mean, so its value can increase with age, decreasing milk production and days in milk period 3. Bulk tank SCC is a general indicator of the udder health in a herd and it is also regarded as an indirect measure of milk quality 4. Elevated SCC, are correlated with changes in milk composition, casein and more serum-derived whey proteins, as well as increased proteolytic and lipolytic activities 5.  Researches has defined the "gold standard" somatic cell counts up to 100,000 cells / ml, and values greater than 100,000 cells / ml are considered to result in the reduction of production and quality of milk during processing 6. The increase in the number of somatic cells in the milk is followed by change in the chemical composition of milk by lowering casein, lactose, calcium, and an increase of 2123456789059th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON2017 IOP PublishingIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 85 (2017) 012085    doi   :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012085      sodium, chloride and serum proteins. In dairy herds, where the somatic cell counts are greater than 300,000/ml milk, are proposed to be present a mastitis problem in herd, and such milk is less suitable for the processing 7 Due to the reduced secretory capacity of the mammary gland cells in mastitis, the percentage of lactose in milk is decreased. In addition, milk with high somatic cell counts can contain microorganisms whose presence in milk can pose a risk to human health especially to vulnerable population 8 The aim of this study was to assess the number of somatic cells that significantly affect the quality of milk.  2. Materials and methods The material represented 38 bulk milk samples of morning and evening milking from 38 farms during the period of 6 months, from December to the May of the next year. The samples were taken from the tank, not preserved and the analyses started in the laboratory in 6 hours after sampling. The content of total proteins, lactose and somatic cell counts were determined in the samples. Somatic cell counts were determined by flow-cytometry by Fossomatic 5,000. The total content of proteins and lactose in bulk tank milk samples were determined by Milcoscan.   3. Results and discussion The results of determination of total proteins, lactose content and SCC counts from morning milking and evening milking are presented in the Table 1 and 2.  Table 1 Results of determination of total proteins, lactose content and somatic cell counts from morning milking  Stat. param. Total proteins (%) Lactose (%) SCC/ml Average 3,31 4,56 273,605 Standard dev. 0,11 0,05 80,357 Min 3,02 4,49 75,000 Max 3,47 4,67 446,000 Varition (%) 3,21 1,03 29,370   Stat. param. Total proteins (%) Lactose (%) SCC/ml Average 3,31 4,56 273,605 Standard dev. 0,11 0,05 80,357 Min 3,02 4,49 75,000 Max 3,47 4,67 446,000 Varition (%) 3,21 1,03 29,370        The obtained results showed that the average value for SCC in the winter from morning milking was 273,605 cells per ml, and the content of total proteins and lactose was 3.31% and 4.56% respectively. The somatic cell counts ranged from 75 to 446,000/ml. Nineteen bulk tank milk samples had lower somatic cell count from 250,000 cells /ml and only 1 sample had a value of less than 100,000 and 3 samples of over 400,000 (Table 3).  3123456789059th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON2017 IOP PublishingIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 85 (2017) 012085    doi   :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012085      Table 2 Results of determination of total proteins, lactose content and somatic cell counts from evening milking  Stat. param. Total proteins (%) Lactose (%) SCC/ml Average 3,34 4,63 292,895 Standard dev. 0,19 0,23 72,743 Min 3,06 4,47 168,000 Max 4,41 5,56 516,000 Varition (%) 5,89 4,97 24,836         Stat. param. Total proteins (%) Lactose (%) SCC/ml Average 3,34 4,63 292,895 Standard dev. 0,19 0,23 72,743 Min 3,06 4,47 168,000 Max 4,41 5,56 516,000 Varition (%) 5,89 4,97 24,836   The obtained results showed that the average value for SCC in the winter from evening milking was 292.895 cells per ml, and the content of total proteins and lactose was 3.34% and 4.63% respectively. The somatic cell counts ranged from 168 to 516 cells × 103 / ml. Twelve samples of raw milk had lower somatic cell count of 250,000 cells /ml. in no one saple the number was lower than 100,000., and in four samples the number was higher than 400,000/ml. Total protein content ranged from 3.06 to 4.41, and lactose from 4.47 to 5.56.  The content of total proteins and lactose is slightly higher in bulk tank milk samples from evening milking as result in season variation 3.9 reported a significant decrease in casein content when either Holstein or Guernsey milk exceeded SCC of 500,000; depression was greater above one million SCC. SCC above 500,000 has been associated with poor quality cheese because of increased rennet to cutting time and lower curd firmness. The mastitis or elevated SCC is associated with a decrease in lactose, α-lactalbumin, and fat in milk because of reduced synthetic activity of mammary tissue 10. With higher SCC, the concentrations of serum albumins and immunoglobulins increase which reduces heat stability of mastitis milk, causing coagulation, or flocculation during pasteurization. 11 investigated the relationship between SCC and composition (total solids, fat, protein and lactose content) of milk from individual Holstein cows and indicated that SCC of individual cow’s milk significantly correlated with a decrease in milk constituents only under conditions of average SCC in bulk milk above 1,000,000 /ml. Negative correlation between lactose and chloride content was detected in cows diagnosed with subclinically mastitis with high SCC 12. In Table 3 are presented the results of somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples from the morning and evening during six months-   4123456789059th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON2017 IOP PublishingIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 85 (2017) 012085    doi   :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012085      Table 3 The results of somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples from the morning and evening during six months  Stat. param. December m January e February m March m April m May e Average 273,605 292,895 270,026 254,974 256,316 295,895 Standard dev. 80,357 72,743 87,765 93,736 93,310 74,539 Min 75,000 168,000 101,000 111,000 58,000 142,000 Max 446,000 516,000 499,000 483,000 463,000 496,000 <100 1 0 0 0 1 0 <250 19 12 18 21 16 10 >250 15 22 16 13 18 24 >400 3 4 4 4 3 4 Varition 29,370 24,836 32,502 36,763 36,404 25,191  Legend: m-morning milking; e-evening milking  The highest value for SCC (516,000/ml) was in bulk tank milk samples from evening milking in the Winter (the January) and the lowest (58,000/ml) in the April. The process of using bulk tank milk analysis in useful tool in improving milk quality and herd mammary health. It should be kept in mind that although individual cow samples for milk culture and SCC are more definitive for diagnosis and monitoring of udder health, Bulk tank milk analysis is less expensive, more convenient, and faster than testing milk samples from individual animals or groups of cows. When the SCC of bulk tank milk is interpreted within the context of the farm's management practices, this information provides a basis for evaluating current and potential milk quality and mastitis problems in a herd.    4. Conclusions The process of using bulk tank milk analysis in useful tool in improving milk quality and herd mammary health. Our results showed that average values for bulk tank milk samples was 273,605/ml from morning milking and 292,895/ml from evening milking. The average values for total proteins content from morning and evening milking are 3,31 and 3,34%. The average values for lactose content from morning and evening milking are 4,56 and 4,63%. The highest SCC (516,000/ml) was detected in bulk tank milk sample from evening milk in Winter. The highest SCC (516,000/ml) was detected in bulk tank milk sample from evening milk and the lowest content of lactose was 4,46%. The obtained values of bulk tank milk somatic cell counts did not significantly affect the content of total proteins and lactose. Proper milking techniques, improved sanitation, effective use of teat, dipping and dry period therapy and improvement in management may reduce SCC by reducing the spread of new infections.  References  [1] Seegers H, Fourichon C and Beaudeau F 2011 Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Vet. Res. 34 475–491 [2] Rainard P, Riollet C. 2006 Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland. Vet. Res. 37 369–400  5123456789059th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON2017 IOP PublishingIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 85 (2017) 012085    doi   :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012085      [3] Schepers AJ, Lam, TJGM, Schukken YH, Wilmink JBM & Hanekamp WJA  1997  Estimation of various components for somatic cell counts to determine the threshold for uninfected quarters. Journal of Dairy Science 80 1833–1840 [4] Schukken, YH, Wilson, DJ, Welcome, F, Garrison-Tikofsky L and Gonzalez RN 2003 Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts.  Veterinary Research. 34 579-596 [5] Auldis MJ and Hubble  IB 1998  Effects of mastitis on raw milk and dairy products. Aust. J. Dairy Tech  53 28-36.  [6] Hamann J 2002  Relationships between Somatic cell counts and milk composition. Bulletin of the IDF 372 56-59. [7] Pitkala A,  Haveri M, Pyorala S,  Myllys V and Honkanen-Buzalski T. 2004  Bovine Mastitis in Finland 2001—Prevalence, Distribution of Bacteria, and Antimicrobial Resistance.  J. Dairy Sci. 87 2433–2441 American Dairy Science Association  [8] NMC Board of directors report  2005 Human health risks associated with high somatic cell count milk. Symposium summary website: www.nmconline.org. [9] Haenlein  G FW, Schultz  LH and Hansen, LR 1973 Composition of proteins in milk with varying leukocytes counts. Journal of Dairy Science 56 1071-1024  [10] Harmon R J 1994 Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science 77 2103-2112   [11] Fernandes AM, Oliveira CAF, Tavolaro P 2004 Relationship between somatic cell counts and composition of milk from individual Holstein cows. Arq. Inst. Biol. Sao Paulo 71 163-166. [12] Ahmad J, Hussain I., Mahmood N. and Munir R.  1988  Lactose determination as an aid to subclinical mastitis diagnosis. Pakistan Vet. J. 8 25-28  [13] Sharif A.and  Muhammad G  2008 Somatic cell count status as an indicator of udder health status under modern dairy production: a Review.Pakistan Vet. J.  28 (4) 194-200  [14] Jayarao BM, Wolfgang DR.  2003 Bulk-tank milk analysis. A useful tool for improving milk quality and herd udder health. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract.  19 (1):75-92. 

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Somatic cell counts in bulk milk and their importance for milk processing

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