237-244<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;="" mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">Column
bed adsorption studies have been carried out to study the fluoride removal on
fishbone charcoal, and to determine the effects of the various operating
variables. The useful (or effective) treated effluent volume (corresponding to
the desired breakthrough concentration of 1.0 mg/L of fluoride) is found to be
a function of the effluent flow rate, initial solute concentration and column
bed depth. The useful treated effluent volume decreased with an increase in the
flow rate and initial fluoride concentration, but it increased with the column
bed depth. Empirical relationships have been developed to predict the stated useful
treated effluent volume for the known values of flow rate, column bed depth and
initial fluoride concentration for the observed test conditions. The
relationships evolved manifest high correlation coefficients. The studies are
useful in small installations.</span