Kiljan, Dirk Jan

Kortlever, Wim C. D.

Meijerink, Wilco

English

Hydraulic Engineering Repository

Conference Paper, Published VersionKortlever, Wim C. D.; Kiljan, Dirk Jan; Meijerink, WilcoHydraulic Aspects of the Renovation of the Visor Weirs inthe Lower Rhine, The NetherlandsVerfügbar unter/Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/106414Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation:Kortlever, Wim C. D.; Kiljan, Dirk Jan; Meijerink, Wilco (2019): Hydraulic Aspects of theRenovation of the Visor Weirs in the Lower Rhine, The Netherlands. In: Bundesanstalt fürWasserbau (Hg.): Hydraulik der Wasserbauwerke – Neues aus Praxis und Forschung.Karlsruhe: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau. S. 51-56.Standardnutzungsbedingungen/Terms of Use:Die Dokumente in HENRY stehen unter der Creative Commons Lizenz CC BY 4.0, sofern keine abweichendenNutzungsbedingungen getroffen wurden. Damit ist sowohl die kommerzielle Nutzung als auch das Teilen, dieWeiterbearbeitung und Speicherung erlaubt. Das Verwenden und das Bearbeiten stehen unter der Bedingung derNamensnennung. Im Einzelfall kann eine restriktivere Lizenz gelten; dann gelten abweichend von den obigenNutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.Documents in HENRY are made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0, if no other license isapplicable. Under CC BY 4.0 commercial use and sharing, remixing, transforming, and building upon the materialof the work is permitted. In some cases a different, more restrictive license may apply; if applicable the terms ofthe restrictive license will be binding.BundesanstaltfürWasserbauKolloquiumHydraulikderWasserbauwerkeȂNeuesausPraxisundForschungƒʹͲ.undʹͳ.FebruarʹͲͳͻǦͷͳǦHydraulicAspectsoftheRenovationoftheVisorWeirsintheLowerRhine,TheNetherlandsIr.WimKortlever,RijkswaterstaatIr.DirkJanKiljan,RijkswaterstaatIr.WilcoMeijerink,RijkswaterstaatIntroductionClosetotheDutchbordertheRhinesplitsupintothreebranches.Inthesixtiesofthelastcentury,oneofthesebranches,theLowerRhine,hasbeencanalizedbytheconstructionofthreesetsofweirsandlocks.Thus,thewaterdistributionbetweentheriverbranchescanbecontrolledandthewaterdepthsforinlandnavigationhavebeenoptimized.ThiscanalizationappliestothelowdischargesoftheRhine.Athigherdischargestheweirswillbelifted,sothattheLowerRhineisagainfreeflowingriverȋDeGaayandBlokland,ͳͻ͹ͲȌ.ThosethreeweirandlockcomplexesintheLowerRhinearebeingrenovat-ed,whichincludestheremovalandreplacementofthevisorgatesoftheweirs.Thispaperfocusesonthemainhydraulic aspectsof theweir renovation, i.e. the increasedhydraulic loadsdue to the re-placementofthegatesandthemeasuresthathavetobetaken.LayoutandHydraulicConditionsThe layoutof theweirnear thevillageofDriel isshown inFigureͳ.Theweirsregulate the flowbyblocking theminorbedof the river.Eachweirhas twovisorgates,mountedon threepiers,oneofwhichisinthemiddleoftheriverȋFigureʹȌ.TheflowchannelbetweentwopiershaswidthofͶͺm.Inthemiddlepier isadditionalculvertwithcylindervalvetomanagesmalldischarges.Theship-pinglockwithseparateapproachesistothenorthandthereisfishpassneighbouringtheweir.Dur-ingriverfloods,whenthegateshavebeenliftedabovethewater,theriverrunsoverthefloodplainsadjacenttotheminorbed,betweenthedikes.Figure1: LayoutoftheweirnearDriel,theweirnearAmerongenis30kmdownstream,andtheweirnearHagesteinis53kmdownstream. BundesanstaltfürWasserbauKolloquiumHydraulikderWasserbauwerkeȂNeuesausPraxisundForschungƒʹͲ.undʹͳ.FebruarʹͲͳͻǦͷʹǦFigure2: Thevisorgateswillbeliftedathigherdischarges(Driel).Thetargetwaterlevels,silllevelsandstandardmaximumheaddifferencesofthethreeweirsaregiveninTableͳ.ThecharacteristicdischargesintheRhineandLowerRhinewhenthegatesareliftedabovethewaterarepresentedinTableʹ.Tableͷ Levelsandheaddifferences(Rijkswaterstaat,2013)Location Targetwaterlevel*Ȍ Silllevel*Ȍ Standardmax. headatlowdischarge**ȌDriel Ϊͺ.ʹͷm Ϊͳ.ʹͷm ʹ.ʹͷmAmerongen Ϊ͸.ͲͲm -ʹ.ͲͲm ͵.ͲͲmHagestein Ϊ͵.ͲͲm -Ͷ.ͷͲm ͵.ͷͲ***Ȍ*ȌWithreferencetoNAP:AmsterdamOrdnanceDatum.**ȌWiththeexceptionofcalamities.***ȌTide-dependent.Table͸ Characteristicdischargeswhengatesliftedabovethewater(Rijkswaterstaat,2013)Location LowerRhine RhineDriel Ͷ͵ͷm͵/s ʹͶͲͲm͵/sAmerongen ͸͵ͷm͵/s ͵ͷͲͲm͵/sHagestein ͸͵ͷm͵/s ͵ͷͲͲm͵/sTheaveragedischargeoftheRhineisʹʹͲͲm͵/s.Approximately,ͷͲdaysperyeardischargesmaybehigherthan͵ͷͲͲm͵/sȋRIKZ,ͳͻͻͶȌ.BundesanstaltfürWasserbauKolloquiumHydraulikderWasserbauwerkeȂNeuesausPraxisundForschungƒʹͲ.undʹͳ.FebruarʹͲͳͻǦͷ͵ǦReplacementofGatesDuringthereplacementofeachofthevisorgatesthetargetwaterlevelintheupperreachoftheweirhastobemaintained,sothatthenavigationandotherfunctionsdependingonthewaterlevelsarenothindered.Thisismadepossiblebytheconstructionoftemporarysteelgate,alsowitharchedshapewhichisplacedattheupstreamfaceoftheoldgate.Whenthetemporarygateisinplace,theoldgateissplitinthreepartsandhoistedout.Then,newvisorgateisinstalledatthedownstreamfaceofthetemporarygateȋFigure͵,leftȌ.Whenthenewgateisoperational,thetemporarygateistakenaway.Figure3: Left:temporarygate(upstream),andnewvisorgatewhichisbeinginstalled(downstream).Right:downstreamfaceoftemporarygatewithremovableconcretepanels.Duringtheshortperiodinwhichtheoldgateisremovedandthenewgateisinstalledandtested,thetemporarygatehastoretainthewater.However,itisnotpossibletoliftthetemporarygatetoregu-lateandletwaterthrough.Ifthentheriverdischargeincreases,theothervisorgateoftheweirisusedtoregulatetheupstreamwaterlevel.Itmaybenecessarytoliftthatothergatehigherthanusualtoletthroughthesurplusofwater.Assumingthatthedischargeunderneaththatgatewillbetwiceashigh,alsotheflowimpulseandtheflowvelocitiesfurtheron,abovethebedprotectionandtheunprotectedriverbed,willbetwiceashigh.Theoriginalbedprotectionbehindthegate,whichconsistsofconcreteblocksandbeamsextendstoapproximately͵Ͷbehindthegatesill.Giventhehigherflowvelocitiesusingonlyoneoperationalgate, itwasnecessary to lengthen thebedprotectionusingrockarmourlayersandgeotextileasfilter.Tolimitthestonesizesinthesearmourlayersandthelengthoftheextrabedprotection,thetemporarygatehasbeenbuiltwitheightlargeopenings,ashighasthegate,eachofwhichhasbeenequippedwithfiveconcretepanelsȋFigure͵,rightȌ.Atincreasingdischargestheseconcretepanelshavetobeliftedoutbyusingfloatingcrane.Thus,theflowcanbemoreevenlydistributedover thewidthof the river.When thedischargedecreases again, these concretepanelshavetobereinstalled.Becauseofthedifficultyofoperatingthesepanels,thishastobewellprepared.BundesanstaltfürWasserbauKolloquiumHydraulikderWasserbauwerkeȂNeuesausPraxisundForschungƒʹͲ.undʹͳ.FebruarʹͲͳͻǦͷͶǦFlowvelocitiesandbedprotectionWhenthedesignoftheseweirswasmade,ithasbeendecidedtobuildtwolargeopeningsinsteadofoneverylargeopeningorthreesmalleropenings.Thesetwoopeningshavetheadvantagethatduringriverfloodsshipscanpassthroughtheweirwhenthe locksareoutofservice.Besidesthetwo largeopeningswithvisorgates,thereisseparateculvertwithcylindervalveinthemiddlepierforregu-lating thesmallerdischarges.To certain level the twogatesmaybeusedaseachother’s reserve.However,majordrawback is the limitedwidth for the flowwhendoingmajormaintenanceof thegateorwhenthegateisforsometimeunexpectedlyoutofservice.Then,thelimitedavailabilitymaycoincidewithhighriverflood.Asanexample,whentheheaddifferenceisreducedtoʹ.ʹandthedischargehasincreasedto͵ͺͷm͵/sȋaverageRhinedischargeʹʹͲͲm͵/sȌ,withtwovisorgatesandthecylindervalveavailable,thegateswillbothbeliftedtoheightofaboutͲ.ͷͷm.ThenͳͶͷm͵/swillpassunderneatheachgate.Theaverageflowvelocityattheendoftheoriginalbedprotectionislowerthanͳm/s.However,withonlyonegateinuse,liftedtoaboutthedoubleheight,thisvelocityincreasestoaboutʹm/s.ThiseffectisillustratedbytheresultsofanexploratoryCFD-calculation,showninFigureͶ.Figure4: CFD-calculationofflowthroughoneopening;streamlines(O’MahoneyandBoschetti,2016).During  river flood,with further increasingdischarges, the flowvelocitiesdownstreamof theweirwillbehigher.Velocitiesareexpectedtoincreaseuntilthewaterlevelsreachthelevelofthecrestoftheweirstructure,mainly the topof the temporarygate,and the levelof the floodplains.When,atevenhigherdischarges,partoftheflowrunsoverthefloodplains,theflowvelocitiesattheriverbedbehindtheweirwilldecrease.Whenonlyoneweiropening isavailable, inadditiontotheextrahighflowvelocitiesoverwidearea inheteventofhighriverdischarge,oneshouldalsoconsider theflowloadscausedbytheamplifiedjetunderneaththegateatlowerdischarges,whenthatonegateisstillininthewaterandisusedforregulation.Attheselowerdischarges,whentheheaddifferenceishigher,velocitiesclosetothegatearehigher.Theplanejetcomingfromunderneaththegatehitsthesill, jumpsuptothesurfaceandflowsdownagain,to impacttheconcreteblocks intheoriginalbedprotection.Thisimpactloadmayincreaseduetothedoubledheightofthejet.BundesanstaltfürWasserbauKolloquiumHydraulikderWasserbauwerkeȂNeuesausPraxisundForschungƒʹͲ.undʹͳ.FebruarʹͲͳͻǦͷͷǦRegardingtheincreasedflowloadstwomeasureshavebeentaken.First,largepartoftheareaoftheexistingconcreteblocksistemporarilyballastedbysteelslabs,whichweighaboutͳ͵tonsandhavethicknessofͲ,ʹʹͷm.Second,bothupstreamanddownstreamoftheweirthebedprotectionhasbeenextendedbyapplying rockarmour layers.Under these rock layers geotextile isusedas  filter toavoidthattheloosesandunderneathiswashedout.Theextendedrockprotectionpreventsthatlargescour holeswill develop leading to bank slides or slides near theweir structures. For theweir atHagestein,bothmeasuresareshown inFigure ͷ ȋDonselaar-Gaal,ʹͲͳ͹Ȍ.Here, themainpartof theprotectiondownstreamhastoplayerofͶͲ-ʹͲͲkgrockgrading.Figure5: TopviewofbedprotectionmeasuresatHagestein,left:overall,right:close-upofsteelslabs.ThecalamityPeriodically,alsoduringtherenovation,thebedprotectionsoftheweirsaresurveyedtoascertainthatthesecanwithstandtheanticipatedflowloads.Againstexpectations,inFebruaryofʹͲͳͺ,thesurveyof the AmerongenWeir revealed  large damage in the original protection of the concrete blocksdownstreamofthesoutherngateȋFigure͸,leftȌ.Untilthen,theseprotectionshaveproventobeveryrobustanddidnotneedmuchmaintenance.Providedthattheblocksareintheoriginalarrangement,thistypeofprotectionhashighresistanceagainstthe jetortheflow.If,duetoparticularreason,oneorfewblocksaredrawnoutofthatarrangement,theprotection looses itshighresistanceandevenatlesshighloadsblockswillbedraggedout.Next,theunderlyingfilteristransportedandscourholewilldevelopveryclosetothesilloftheweir.Figure͸showsseveredamageoveraboutʹͷͶͷmʹǡwhichwasnotnoticed forsome time.The largesterosiondepthȋdarkblueȌwasaboutʹ.ͷm. Iftherewouldhaveoccurredlongperiodofhighriverdischarges,thedamagewouldhaveincreasedinlittle time.Thiswouldhavebeen  threat to thestabilityof theweirsill.Theprojecthasgiven thehighestprioritytofillingupthescourholeswithgradedrockofͳͲ-͸Ͳkg.Thetoplayersofthisrockfillwerepenetratedwithcolloidalconcrete,sothatindividualstonescouldnotbedraggedaway.SteelslabsRockarmourBundesanstaltfürWasserbauKolloquiumHydraulikderWasserbauwerkeȂNeuesausPraxisundForschungƒʹͲ.undʹͳ.FebruarʹͲͳͻǦͷ͸ǦFortunately, thedischarges remained lowandcouldbediverted to theneighbouringpowerstation,andthereparationswerecarriedoutinshorttimeȋFigure͸,rightȌ.Figure6: Damaged(left)andrepaired(right)bedprotectiondownstreamAmerongenWeir.ConclusionTheLowerRhinehasbeencanalizedbythreeidenticalweirs,eachofwhichhastwoͶͺwideopen-ingswithvisorgates.Thesewidegateshavetheadvantagethatshipscanpassthroughtheweirwhenthelocksareoutofservice,duringriverfloods.However,thebasicchoiceforonlytwowideopenings,andsmallerregulatoryculvert,impliesthatrenovationofsteelvisorgatecannotbecarriedoutbyonlyclosingofftherelatedopening,astheflowvelocities intheotheropeningduringhighriverdis-chargeswillbeextremelyhigh.Therenovationofthevisorgateshasbeenmadepossiblebythecon-structionof temporarygatewitheightopeningsandremovableconcretepanels,andbyballastingandextendingthebedprotectionoftheweir.Asonlyonevisorgateattimeisrenovated,theballastofsteelslabsandthetemporarygatearereusedatthenextgate.Specialattentionandpreparationswillberequiredwhentheconcretepanelshavetobeliftedfromandreplacedinthetemporarygate.Anunexpecteddamagetooneoftheoriginalprotectionsofconcreteblockshasagainproventhatpe-riodicmonitoringofthebedprotectionsismandatory.ReferencesDeGaay,A.C.,Blokland,P.ȋͳͻ͹ͲȌ:TheCanalizationoftheLowerRhine.RijkswaterstaatCommunicationsNrͳͲ.Donselaar-Gaal,B.C.ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍ:RenovatiestuwensembleNederrijnenLek.PlanforrealisationofbedandbankprotectionsatHagestein.Sweco,Siemens.InDutch.AddeddrawingofbedprotectionHagestein:OntwerptekeningONZ-ʹͲͳͷ-ͺͳͲͲͳ-HA-ͲͲ-ͲͲͲ-ͲͲ-ͲͲͳ-AͲͷ.O’Mahoney,T.,Boschetti,T.ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍ:EindpresentatieverkenningHagestein.ComputationofdischargecoefficientsonthebasisoffielddataandʹD/͵D-CFD-simulations.ByorderofRijkswaterstaat.RijkswaterstaatȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ:HandboekNeder-RijnenLek.Operationoflocksandweirs.InDutch.RIKZȋͳͻͻͶȌ:TienjarigOverzichtͳͻͺͳ-ͳͻͻͲ.Overviewofdischarges,waterlevels,watertempera-tures,wavesandcoastalmeasurements.RijkinstituutvoorKustenZee/Rijkswaterstaat.

Hydraulic Aspects of the Renovation of the Visor Weirs in the Lower Rhine, The Netherlands

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Hydraulic Aspects of the Renovation of the Visor Weirs in the Lower Rhine, The Netherlands

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