Ruggeri, F.

Tannuri, E. A.

Watai, R. A.

English

Hydraulic Engineering Repository

Conference Paper, Published VersionRuggeri, F.; Watai, R. A.; Tannuri, E. A.Passing Ships Interaction in the Oil Terminal of SãoSebastião (Brazil): An Applied Study to Define theOperational LimitsZur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit/Provided in Cooperation with:Flanders Hydraulics Research, Ghent University, Maritime TechnologyVerfügbar unter/Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/99864Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation:Ruggeri, F.; Watai, R. A.; Tannuri, E. A. (2016): Passing Ships Interaction in the Oil Terminalof São Sebastião (Brazil): An Applied Study to Define the Operational Limits. In: Uliczka,Klemens; Böttner, Carl-Uwe; Kastens, Marko; Eloot, Katrien; Delefortrie, Guillaume;Vantorre, Marc; Candries, Maxim; Lataire, Evert (Hg.): 4th MASHCON - InternationalConference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with Special Focus on ShipBottom Interaction. Karlsruhe: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau. S. 168-176.https://dx.doi.org/10.18451/978-3-939230-38-0_21.Standardnutzungsbedingungen/Terms of Use:Die Dokumente in HENRY stehen unter der Creative Commons Lizenz CC BY 4.0, sofern keine abweichendenNutzungsbedingungen getroffen wurden. Damit ist sowohl die kommerzielle Nutzung als auch das Teilen, dieWeiterbearbeitung und Speicherung erlaubt. Das Verwenden und das Bearbeiten stehen unter der Bedingung derNamensnennung. Im Einzelfall kann eine restriktivere Lizenz gelten; dann gelten abweichend von den obigenNutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.Documents in HENRY are made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0, if no other license isapplicable. Under CC BY 4.0 commercial use and sharing, remixing, transforming, and building upon the materialof the work is permitted. In some cases a different, more restrictive license may apply; if applicable the terms ofthe restrictive license will be binding.PASSING SHIPS INTERACTION IN THE OIL TERMINAL OF SÃO SEBASTIÃO (BRAZIL): AN APPLIED STUDY TO DEFINE THE OPERATIONAL LIMITS  F Ruggeri and R A Watai, Argonáutica Engineering & Reseach, Brazil E A Tannuri, Numerical Offshore Tank of the University of São Paulo (TPN-USP), Brazil   SUMMARY  The passing ship effect in a moored vessel is a well-known problem discussed in the literature that involves harbour operations. The consequences of these interactions are dynamic loads in the mooring system that can exceed the design values and lead to severe accidents as, for example, the one occurred with the Yusho Regulus and Coal Hunter ships in Santos port (Brazil). This paper presents the application of a numerical method for the evaluation of mooring loads due to passing ship problems in São Sebastião port (TEBAR), which is one of the most important oil terminals in Brazil. The specific operation studied is a Ship-to-Ship transfer considering several vessels (VLCC-VLCC, VLCC-Suezmax), a condition where no simplified regressions is available to estimate the passing ship forces. Therefore a Rankine Panel Method (RPM) is applied to evaluate these effects. The forces computed by means of the panel method are applied in the mooring integrity analysis code (MeDuSa) to verify the maximum loads, which are then compared to design criteria so as to define the maximum operational conditions. The mooring arrangement, cable properties, fender etc. are determined by following OCIMF STS recommendations, as well as the Q88 form available for the design vessels.  1 INTRODUCTION  In a near future, the exploration and transportation of Brazilian pre-salt layer petroleum will demand a large number of support, transport and offloading vessels in order to supply all operations, increasing waterway and port traffic and consequently the chances of berthed ship-passing-ship interaction events.  Consequently, the berthed ship -passing ship interaction prediction is very important for the safety of waterways, port facilities and open sea operations that can be critical if the ships are sailing close to each other and/or through a constrained channel, in which wall effects may increase those interactions, justifying a specific study.  In the past, model scale tests were commonly performed for estimating the hydrodynamic loads involved in such a problem. The reference [1] presented an extensive passing ship experimental campaign in which several arrangements relating distance, ship size and speed were investigated. Other experimental results may be found in [2], [3] and [4], among others. However, this approach is a very costly way to study the phenomena, especially if the number of distinct setups/operations is large.   In this sense, some researchers were motivated to create empirical regressions that can be extended for other conditions as may be observed, for example, in [4] that provides expressions for estimating forces and moments based on model tests data with series 60 ships in shallow water, which may be useful for simple hand calculations or for use in spreadsheet predictions. Other empirical regressions are also proposed in [5] and [6].   Another approach, based on mathematical models, is presented in [7], which applied the slender body theory for evaluating the interaction effects involved in the passing ship problem. This method, however, is limited to simple and slender hull forms and might not be properly applied in situations involving large oil carriers, such as the ones used in Oil & Gas operations.  The advances in computational capability and numerical methods allowed the continuous improvement of mathematical models for hydrodynamic problems. The reference [8] presented calculations considering two identical and parallel Wigley hulls using RANSE CFD method (RNG k-ε turbulence model) and compared the results with the potential flow boundary elements method (BEM) proposed by [9], demonstrating a good agreement between both solutions. The reference [10] presented numerical solutions and validations for conditions involving non-zero ship drift angle obtained via the CFD code ReFRESCO and a 3D BEM, in which the authors conclude that for drift angle higher than 7.5 degrees, the CFD is a better option to be applied. For zero drift angles, however, fortunately the 3D BEM is a sufficient method for the problem, providing efficient solutions in terms of computational time.  The present paper presents briefly the formulation of the 3D BEM code developed in the Numerical Offshore Tank of the University of Sao Paulo (TPN-USP) used to solve the passing ship problem. The code was compared in [11] to empirical expressions proposed by [4], the strip body theory method presented by [7] and experimental data obtained by model tests carried out in the State of São Paulo Institute for Technological Research (IPT), presented in [12].  The numerical method is then applied to compute the hydrodynamic forces in the case of a berthed ship-to-ship operation in São Sebastião Port (Brazil), one of the most important oil terminals in Brazil, illustrated in Figure 1. For this specific operation, no simplified regression is available considering 3 vessels (2 of them only separated by pneumatic fenders), and a 3D BEM numerical model 4th MASHCON, Hamburg - Uliczka et al. (eds) - © 2016 Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau ISBN 978-3-939230-38-0 (Online) DOI: 10.18451/978-3-939230-38-0_21     168effect, which illustrates that for safe conditions the current and wind must be lower than 2.8knots and 30knots, respectively.   Figure 14. Maximum environmental conditions for VLCC-VLCC STS operation   Now, results considering the extra loads induced in the mooring system by a full-loaded VLCC navigating at 7knots along the channel are discussed. This ship speed was informed by the Maritime Authority as being a common ship navigation velocity at the port channel.  In this analyses, the 3 vessels are modelled using the Rankine Panel Method aforementioned, and the forces in each moored vessels are obtained and used as input data to MeDusA® software, which is applied for the mooring load calculations.   Results of the interaction forces induced by the passing ship on the berthed ones at the quay are presented in Figure 15, where it may be noticed that the forces reach relatively high values of 22tonf and 75tonf for distances between the vessels of 200m and 300m, respectively.  By applying these interaction loads on the mooring system of the ships, the maximum environmental conditions could be re-evaluated as shown in Figure 16 for the ship distance between the vessels of 300m. As may be observed, results show that when considering the 300m distance, the new current speed limit was slightly reduced from 2,8knots to 2,75knots. This small change is considered to be within the limits of uncertainty of the prediction technique.  The same calculation was done for the smaller passing ship distance, and the limit current speed was reduced, thus increasing the restrictions to the STS operations at the berth.   As a final recommendation, the study indicated that the STS operation can be carried out and the navigation along the channel is not affected, as soon as the vessel maintains a minimum distance of 300m to the vessels in the berth and keeps the maximum speed of 7 knots.    Figure 15. Hydrodynamic interaction forces    Figure 16. Maximum environmental conditions for VLCC-VLCC STS operation for the passing ship case    4 CONCLUSION  The application of a numerical method for the evaluation of mooring loads due to passing ship problems in São Sebastião Port (TEBAR) was presented in this paper. The specific condition studied is the passing ship problem involving a VLCC vessel navigating along the port channel and two other ones arranged in a ship-to-ship configuration at one of the port quays.  The analyses were performed by calculating the passing ship interaction forces by means of a Boundary Elements method. These forces were then imposed as input data on MeDuSa® software, which was responsible for the calculation of the loads on the mooring lines and fenders. Wind Speed (knots)CurrentSpeed(knots)Time (s)0 100 200 300 400 500 600-505Fx Navio píer (tonf)0 100 200 300 400 500 600050100Fy Navio píer (tonf)Longitudinal Force (tonf)Vessel in the pierLateral Force (tonf)0 100 200 300 400 500 600-20020Fx Navio STS (tonf)0 100 200 300 400 500 600-1000100Fy Navio STS (tonf)Vessel in STSLongitudinal Force (tonf)Lateral Force (tonf)Time (s) 200 m300 m400 m500 mWind Speed (knots)CurrentSpeed(knots)No passing ship300m Passing ship     174Besides, current and wind loads were also taken into account.  The results were focused on the definition of limiting environmental conditions to the ship-to-ship operations at the port quay, which were determined for scenarios with and without the influence of the VLCC navigating along the channel.  Results have shown that the VLCC navigating at the port channel at 7 knots in a distance shorter than 300 m was responsible for the imposition of a restrictive condition of current speed for the STS operations. Moreover, the results have also illustrated that as soon as the navigating vessel maintains a minimum distance of 300m to the vessels in the berth and keeps the maximum speed up to 7 knots the STS operations are not significant affected.   5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  Authors gratefully acknowledge Petrobras for allowing the publication of the results. Third author acknowledge the CNPq by the research grant (process 308645/2013-8).   6 REFERENCES  1. Remery, G.F.M. (1974). Mooring Forces Induced by Passing Ships, Offshore Technology Conference.  2. Delefortrie, G. ; Vantorre, M. ; Cappelle, J. ; Ides, S. (2012). The Effect of Shipping Traffic on Moored Ships. 10th International Conference on Hydrodynamics, October 1 - 4, St. Petersburg, Russia.  3. Duffy, J.T. ; Denehy, S. ;  Ranmuthugala, D ; Renilson, M.R. (2013). The effect of berth blockage on berthed ship - passing ship interaction. Conference Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water, 3-5 June, Ghent, Belgium, pp. 237-247.  4. Kriebel, D. ; Seelig, W. ; Eskijian, M. (2005). Mooring loads due to parallel passing ships. Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, Port Hueneme, California, USA.  5. Flory, J. (2002). The Effect of Passing Ships on Moored Ships, Prevention First 2002 Symposium, California State Lands Commission, USA.  6. Varyani, K.S. ; Vantorre, M. (2006). New Generic Equations for Interaction Effects on a Moored Containership Due to a Passing Tanker. Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 50, No. 3.  7. Wang, S. (1975). Dynamic effects of ships passage on moored vessel, Journal of Waterways, Harbours and Coastal Engineering Division.  8. Yang, H. ; Wu, B.S. ; Miao, Q.M. ; Xiang, X. ; Berg, T.E. ; Kuang, X.F. (2011). Study on the Effects of Unsteady Ship to Ship Interaction by CFD Method. 2nd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring and Confined Water: Ship to Ship Interaction.  9. Xiang, X. ; O.M. Faltinsen. (2010). Manoeuvring of two interacting ships in calm water, PRADS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil  10. Bunnik, T. ; Toxopeus, S. (2011). Viscous Flow Effects of Passing Ships in Ports. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2011, Roterdam, The Netherlands.  11. Watai, R.A. ; Ruggeri, F. ; Tannuri, E. A. ; Weiss, J. (2013). Evaluation of empirical and numerical methods on the prediction of hydrodynamic loads involved in the passing ship problem, 3rd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water, 3-5 June, Ghent, Belgium, p. 167-175.  12. Araujo, M.F.B.P. ; Pereira, A.A.P. ; Carmignotto, M.A.P. ; Weiss, J.G.M. ; Gandara, M.A. (2011). Mooring Loads Induced by other Ships in Navigation Channels.  XXII COPINAVAL – IPIN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.  13. Korshmeyer, F.T. ; Newman, J.N. (1993). Computational of Ship Interaction Forces in Restricted Waters, Journal of Ship Research.  14. Pinkster, J.A. (2004). The Influence of a Free Surface on Passing Ship Effects, Int. Shipbuilding Prog., 51, no. 4.  15. Hess, J.L. ; Smith, A.M.O. (1964). Calculation of nonlifting potential flow about arbitrary three-dimensional bodies, Journal of Ship Research.  16. Varyani, K.S. ; Krishnankutty, P. (2006).  Modification of ship hydrodynamic interaction forces and moment by underwater ship geometry. Ocean Engineering, Vol. 33, pp. 1090-1104.  7 AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHIES  Felipe Ruggeri, M.Sc, Mr. Ruggeri has graduation and M.Sc degrees from the Naval Architect and Ocean Engineering Department of the University of São Paulo (USP) in 2010 and 2012, respectively, and is a Ph.D candidate developing the thesis entitled as “A Numerical Method for Non Linear Analysis of the Dynamics of Marine Systems under Gravity Waves and Current”. From 2008 to 2015, he worked as a research engineer at the Tanque de Provas Numérico of USP developing projects on green ship designs, high speed vessels for crew transportation and also design of logistic hubs for the Pre-Salt layer in Brazil. Mr. Ruggeri is one of the founders and director of ARGONAUTICA      175ENGINEERING AND RESEARCHES where he has been mainly involved in the conduction of fast-time simulations for maneuvering analysis and development of innovative numerical tools to improve operational safety and efficiency of ports, which includes, for example, the development of ReDRAFT® (Real Time Draft) and MeDuSa® (Mooring Design Tool) software.  Rafael de Andrade Watai, Ph.D, Dr. Watai is graduated (2010) and Doctor of Sciences (2014) in Naval Architect and Ocean Engineering by the University of São Paulo (USP). From 2006 to 2014 he worked as a researcher at the Tanque de Provas Numérico of USP, participating on research projects of marine structures for oil exploration, mainly involved in mooring system designs, development of hydrodynamic numerical tools and model tests conduction and specification. Dr. Watai is one of the founders and director of ARGONAUTICA ENGINEERING AND RESEARCHES where he has been actively involved in the implementation of computational hydrodynamic tools for seakeeping analysis of floating bodies, hydrodynamic interaction problems induced by the passing ships effect and also for breakwater efficiency predictions.   Eduardo Aoun Tannuri, Associate Professor at the Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo (EPUSP), and one of the coordinators of the Numerical Offshore Tank (TPN). Member of ITTC Maneuvering Committee. Works on Dynamic Positioning (DP) Systems applied to offshore vessels and platforms, Maneuvering and Sea-keeping time-domain simulation codes development and application and Experimental analysis of floating structures. He coordinates several R&D projects in the area of offshore oils&gas exploration, maritime and river navigation and port development.       176

Passing Ships Interaction in the Oil Terminal of São Sebastião (Brazil): An Applied Study to Define the Operational Limits

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Passing Ships Interaction in the Oil Terminal of São Sebastião (Brazil): An Applied Study to Define the Operational Limits

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