Large Angular Scale Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background and the Feasibility of its Detection

Abstract

In addition to its spectrum and temperature anisotropy, the 2.7K Cosmic Microwave Background is also expected to exhibit a low level of polarization. The spatial power spectrum of the polarization can provide details about the formation of structure in the universe as well as its ionization history. Here we calculate the magnitude of the CMB polarization in various cosmological scenarios, with both an analytic and a numerical method. We then outline the fundemental challenges to measuring these signals and focus on two of them: achieving adequate sensitivity and removing contamination from foreground sources. We then describe the design of a ground based instrument (POLAR) that could detect polarization of the CMB at large angular scales in the new few years.Comment: 40 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa