抗菌药物是对抗细菌感染的有力武器，自第一种抗生素青霉素被发现并应用于临床以来，人类已经开发出多种抗菌药物，然而由于抗菌药物的不合理使用，细菌耐药问题日益严峻，多重耐药菌不断出现，对人类健康构成严重威胁。这需要研发新型抗菌药物用于治疗多耐药细菌引起的感染；然而传统抗菌药物开发耗时长、成本高、风险大，医药公司对此并不热衷，新型抗菌药物上市越来越少。老药新用是抗菌药物开发的新思路，这些药物已经用于临床或正在进行临床试验，安全性评价资料齐全，这大大减少药物开发的成本和风险。过去几十年间，艰难梭菌感染发病率和死亡率不断上升，已经成为重要的公共卫生问题。艰难梭菌对多种抗生素耐药，一线药物万古霉素和甲硝唑疗...Antimicrobials are powerful weapons against bacterial infection. Since the first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered and applied to clinic, people have developed many kinds of antimicrobial agent. However, drug-resistance is becoming increasingly serious due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a severe threat to human health. This emergency...学位：医学硕士院系专业：公共卫生学院_流行病与卫生统计学学号：3262014115055
