本文研究了城市劳动参与率对企业出口贸易的影响。基于城市人口结构信息与微观企业信息的匹配,实证研究表明:(1)城市劳动参与率的提高促进了企业出口量的扩张;(2)城市劳动参与率对企业出口量的促进作用主要通过加工贸易来实现;(3)对于不同的企业,城市劳动参与率的影响作用会有所差异,资本密集型企业、本土企业以及生产率较低的企业,其出口会受到城市劳动参与率更强的促进作用。本文从理论和实证两个层面分别刻画和验证了人口结构对出口贸易影响的微观作用机制。本文的研究结论意味着需要重视人口结构转型对我国出口贸易可能产生的不利冲击。推进供给侧结构性改革,降低企业的税费负担,助推工人技能水平的不断提升,最大限度地激活劳动力市场,是当前人口结构转型背景下应对我国出口面临的种种困难的必要举措。This paper studies how city＇s Labor Participation Rate （LPR） affects firm＇s export. By matching the city-level data with the firm-level, the empirical work indicates that： （1） the rise of LPR will boost the export volume of firms; （2） the effect of city＇s LPR on the export volume of firms is mainly achieved through processing trade; （3） the heterogeneity of firms will significantly affect the role of LPR in exporting enterprises. The export of capital-intensive firms, local firms and low-productivity firms will gain more if LPR rises. This paper captures and verifies the micro impact mechanism of population structure on firm＇s export trade based on angle of pure theory and empirical research. The conclusion indicates that we need to pay attention to the possible negative impact of demographic transformation on China＇s export trade. To cope with the difficulties of China＇s export in the context of the transformation of population structure,it is necessary to promote the reform of supply side structure, to reduce the tax burden of enterprises, to boost the skill level of workers, and to maximize the activation of labor market.教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“人口结构、劳动力成本与中国出口竞争力研究”(15YJA790083)；上海对外经贸大学上海国际贸易中心战略研究院
