芦笛(陕西师范大学国际商学院) 。【中文摘要】本文以2010--2013年上海市上市公司为样本，且以会计信息质量特征的相关性为切入点，借用价值相关理论对递延所得税资产（DTA）和递延所得税负债（DTL）建立重分类标准并分析其具体项目的构成，同时重点针对第二类递延所得税资产（负债）（DTA Ⅱ /DTL Ⅱ）的价值相关性进行分析与估算。研究发现，公司更偏向于确认价值不相关的DTA Ⅱ/DTL Ⅱ；此外，通过对DTL进行建模推导，结果表明DTL的最大组成部分是与折旧有关但价值不相关的DTL Ⅱ 。DTL Ⅱ的转回是由应税收益或费用在会计上的确认所触发的，并没有带来任何现金流的变化，所以DTL Ⅱ并不是一项真正的负债，应将之理解为“未实现的应税收益”。
【Abstract】 Using value relevance theory ， this paper proposes that the components of the
deferred tax assets （ DTA ） and deferred tax liabilities （ DTL ） should be reclassified into two categories. Because there is an asymmetric association between deferred tax assets/liabilities and their future tax payments ，only certain components of the DTA have value relevance，whereas asset impairments and similar components of the DTA have no value relevance.This paper tests the hypothesis using a sample of the listed companies registered in Shanghai from 2010-2013. In addition，this paper questions the value relevance of the DTL because it does not affect cash flows even if the Chinese Accounting Standards （ CAS ） allow for intertemporal tax allocations. Opponents of intertemporal tax allocations often argue that most components of the DTL in a growth firm will never reverse or will reverse only in the distant future，thereby reducing their present values to zero or very close to zero. In addition，our results show that the depreciation-related components of the DTL are due to the recognitions of DTL reversals resulted from taxable incomes or due to the recognitions of costs and thus have no value relevance. These DTL components should be recognized as unrealized tax gains.本文得到国家自然科学基金青年项目“会计师事务所异质性对财务重述的影响研究——基于媒介环境的调节效应分析”（71502138）、国家社会科学基金青年项目“供需均衡视角下的中国潜在经济增长率测算及增长要素分析”（16CJL011）、陕西省软科学项目“陕西省国有企业税收 — 会计差异影响因素及其经济后果研究”（2016KRM008）的资助
