为了促使我国环境监测工作更加深入和细致,得到更准确可靠的监测结果,对固相微萃取(SPME)技术在大气监测、水体监测、土壤及沉积物监测和生物监测中的应用进行了综述。根据SPME在测定污染物的浓度和存在形式,来源、分布和运移规律,以及降解、转化过程等方面的特点,提出进一步开发SPME原位测定技术和与大型仪器联用技术,将有利于其测定范围和种类的增加。同时由于SPME技术的特点适合海洋环境介质的测定,建议在海洋监测领域推广使用,使我国的海洋环境监测工作更加深入和广泛。The present paper describes a method known as the solid phase micro-extraction(SPME)to determine the organic compounds in monitoring the environment.In comparison with the existing technologies,SPME offers more advantages,such as simplicity,speed and greater sensitivity.It has been widely used for monitoring different phases,e.g.air,water,soil and sediment,as well as biological purposes.In air monitoring,the combination of SPME with GC/MS can be used to identify 75 contaminants,including 40 alkanes,1 alkene,15 alcohols,8 aldehydes,3 ketones,5 aromatics,and 3 miscellaneous ones.In quantifying determininants,SPME's sensitivity can be made far greater than that made by using traditional methods.In water monitoring,SPME could be combined with GC/MS,GC/FID,or HPLC to determine many kinds of contaminants,such as volatile phenols,halogenated hydrocarbons,etc.In some trials,SPME can be used to determine concentrations of methyl mercury,inorganic mercury,methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE),tributyltin(TBT),and benzo[a] pyrene in aquatic environment,in which the biggest value is 77.0 ng/L,129 ng/L,194 ng/L,976.9 ng/L and 5495 ng/L,respectively.In soil and sediment trials,it is used to monitor changes of metabolite concentrations throughout the degradation processes,to monitor transition rules of organic compound,and HOCs in milliliter sediment pore water.So far,researchers have worked out the measured contaminants by using 95 % of concentration data,of which the hazard index is 0.07 for fish within the safe limits.Therefore,on the basis of obtaining concentrations of different specifications by SPME,the research groups could analyze the contaminants as to their origins,their surface appearance,and the ways of their distribution.Furthermore,they are also trying to find the changing tendency of the whole biota environment and assess the hazard to human beings.Needless to say,further applications and new improvements of SPME remain to be discussed in detail.国家自然科学面上基金项目(20677063);; 国家自然科学基金重大项目(40490264);; 广东省自然科学基金项目(5003680);; 广州市科技计划项目(2007J1-C0241);; 厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(MEL0504);; 同济大学长江水环境教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(YRWEF07004
