Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance diagnosed
for the first time in pregnancy. It may lead to potentially serious short term and longterm
complications for both mother and fetus or newborn.
Material and Methods: Prospective study was conducted at the University clinic
for gynecology and obstetrics, Skopje for the period of one year. 100 pregnant women
in the second trimester which performed oral glucose tolerance test (75g OGTT) were
evaluated. The study included 50 women with GDM and control group of 50 women with
negative OGTT at the same gestational age, parity and maternal age. Gestational weight
gain, blood pressure and urine analysis for proteinuria were recorded monthly. Patients
with GDM were more often followed according to the clinical protocol. Maternal and
neonatal data was collected after birth from medical records during discharge from the
clinic. The perinatal outcome of pregnant women with or without GDM was analysed.
Results: There was a significant difference in BMI between the women with GDM
and normoglycemic women. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm labour and
delivery by caesarean section were significantly more often in GDM pregnancies vs
control group. Respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, pH <25, lower Apgar score in the first
minute and admission in the neonatal intensive care unit was significantly more often in
the neonates from mothers with GDM vs controls.
Conclusion: Many parameters of the perinatal outcome were significantly associated
with GDM in our study. Adequate treatment can achieve better maternal and neonatal
outcome
