Kinematic calibration has been widely employed for manipulators to promote their performance characteristics. For a dual-arm manipulator, most of the research attentions are paid to improving the absolute positioning accuracy. However, collaborative accuracy plays a critical role in mutual operations between the two arms. For example, in dangerous chemical experiments, the dual-arm manipulator is often demanded to grab a target object with the two hands, or re-grasp a test tube from one hand to the other, where the inferior collaborative accuracy may lead to the failure of experiments. Hence, in this paper, collaborative accuracy of dual-arm manipulators is well defined and fully considered as the objective for calibration. Robustness of the calibration is further guaranteed by minimizing the maximum distance error. The formulated problem is not a typical convex optimization, and gradient search algorithm does not work well for this problem. With researches on optimization moving forward, recent advances in nonlinear optimization are employed to seek for the solution effectively, and it is found that the minimax problem can be approximately linearized to a sequence quadratic programming (SQP) problem. Furthermore, a primal-dual subgradient algorithm is applied for solving the SQP problem with a fast local convergence. Finally, in order to verify the superiority of the proposed method, an experiment is performed on an IRB 14000 manipulator, and corresponding outcomes indicate that the RMS collaborative positioning and the orientation accuracies are significantly improved by and . To the best of our knowledge, our method has reached the best collaborative accuracy compared with existing works (Wang et al., 2014; Roncone et al., 2014; Motta et al., 2001)
