The Baltic region is characterised by a low seismic activity. The recent Kaliningrad earthquake of magnitude M= 5.0 in 2004 persuades that the previous estimates of the seismic hazard of the Baltic region were underrated. It urges the re-assessment of characteristics of the maximum possible earthquake that may take place elsewhere in the Baltic region. The Kaliningrad earthquake scenario was modelled for Vilnius city area. It is motivated by occurrence of several moderate historical earthquakes that took place close to the city, also the presence of some large-scale fault zones in proximity to the city. The maximum probable earthquake of magnitude M= 5.0 and hypocentral depth of 15 km was modelled to take place in Vilnius city area. The modelled seismic response spectra are dominated by low frequencies 2-5 Hz that is accounted to soft soil effect. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) was modelled to range from 1.05 m/s2 to 1.40 m/s2 depending on soil type, i.e. moraine dominated and sand/technosoil dominated, and on stress-strain relationship (linear vs. non-linear soil behaviour). Estimated PGA corresponds to macroseismic intensity Io= 7 (MSK-64) implying only minor building damages. The modelled seismic signal implies that 2-10 store buildings are subject to the highest (though modest) seismic risk
