Novel smart membrane valve which functionality is based on optical interference effects caused by moiré interferometry is proposed in this paper. The membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. Geometrical adjustment between adjacent holes in both membranes results in zero flow rate through the valve when no control signal is activated. Rotation of the control membrane generates moiré interference effects which are exploited for flow control. Relationships between the shape and geometric locations of the moiré circles and the control parameters of the second membrane are determined what helps to implement optimal valve control strategie

M. Ragulskis

R. Mitruleviciute

R. P. Bansevicius

English

Bansevicius, R. P.

Ragulskis, M.

Mitruleviciute, R.

JVE International

 © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716  53 272. Development of Smart Membrane Valve Based on Geometric          Moiré Interferometry   R. P. Bansevicius, a, M. Ragulskis2,b R. Mitruleviciute3,c  1 Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics,    Department of Mechatronics, Kestucio st. 27, LT - 44312 Kaunas, Lithuania 2 Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences,    Department of Fundamental Sciences, Studentu st. 50, LT - 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania 3 Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics,    Department of Mechatronics, Kestucio st. 27, LT - 44312 Kaunas, Lithuania E-mail:    aRamutis.Bansevicius@ktu.lt,   bminvydas.ragulskis@ktu.lt,    cruta.mitruleviciute@stud.ktu.lt  (Received  10  May  2007;  accepted 15 June  2007)     Abstract. Novel smart membrane valve which functionality is based on optical interference effects caused by moiré interferometry is proposed in this paper. The membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. Geometrical adjustment between adjacent holes in both membranes results in zero flow rate through the valve when no control signal is activated. Rotation of the control membrane generates moiré interference effects which are exploited for flow control. Relationships between the shape and geometric locations of the moiré circles and the control parameters of the second membrane are determined what helps to implement optimal valve control strategies.   Keywords: Moiré interferometry, flow control, piezoelectric ceramics.  1. Introduction  Valves with piezoelectric actuator control can be found in many different scientific and engineering applications. Typical examples are piezoelectric direct drive servo valves [1, 2, 3]. Many different constructions of piezoelectrically actuated valves are presently commercially available and can be purchased from industrial sub suppliers like PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P., Farmington Engineering, Inc., EDO Electro-Ceramic Products, etc.. Our goal was to develop a new valve with piezoelectric actuation based on the interference of moiré gratings. Novel smart membrane valve which functionality is based on optical interference effects caused by moiré interferometry [4, 5, 6] is proposed in this paper. The membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. Each of the composite membranes is formed as an array of small round holes evenly distributed throughout the valve cross-section. One membrane is fixed motionlessly inside the valve. The other membrane is mounted on a precision control mechanism which can perform rotational and / or longitudinal micro motions.  Both membranes are geometrically adjusted in such a way that adjacent holes in both membranes do not coincide when no control signal is activated in the control mechanism of the second membrane what results into minimum flow rate through the valve. Microscopic angular deflections of the second membrane result into optical moiré interference between the gratings of the membrane pair. Piezoelectric mechanism for the rotation of the control membrane comprises a piezocylinder and steel disk with holes corresponding to the generated moiré pattern at certain angle mismatch between the membrane pair. An interference pattern of circles (not a pattern of interference fringes) is formed due to the fact that the moiré grating is comprised not from a conventional array of parallel lines but from a mesh of holes.  Numerical and mathematical models of the effect of moiré interference occurring in the membrane valve are investigated. Relationships between the shape and geometric locations of the moiré interference circles and the control parameters of the second membrane are determined what helps to implement optimal valve control strategies. Original patented constructions and implementations of the smart valve control strategies is the object of analysis in this paper.  2. Construction of the piezoelectric valve actuator  Smart membrane valves can be applied in automatic fluid regulation systems for micro flow quantity control in different mechatronics systems in medicine, alimentary industry, etc.  The membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. Each of the composite membranes is formed as an array of small round holes evenly distributed throughout the valve cross-section. One membrane is fixed motionlessly inside the valve. The other membrane is mounted on a precision control mechanism which can perform rotational and / or longitudinal micro motions. The schematic structure of the valve is presented in Figure 1.  272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS    © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716  54    Fig. 1. 1-cylindrical valve body, 2-control actuator, 3-incoming cavity, 4-output cavity, 5-piezocylinder, 6-power supply,          7-steel disc with holes, 8-motionlessly fixed membrane, 9-control membrane, 10-layer of teflon  Smart membrane valve consist of cylindrical body 1 with control actuator 2 mounted inside it. Actuator 2 divides the body into incoming 3 and output 4 cavities.  Piezocylinder 5 is connected to the power supply 6. Control actuator 2 consists of steel disc 7 with holes, which is rigidly fixed in the body 1. Two identical membranes with micro pores 8 and 9 are placed before the steel disk 7. Membrane 8 is fixed motionlessly, while membrane 9 can rotate in respect to membrane 8 and is fixed to the piezocylinder 5. Steel disk 7 is coated with teflon 10 which prevents the membrane 8 of wearing.  The principle of operation can be explained as follows. Traveling deformation waves are generated in the pjezocylinder 5 when the power source 6 is connected to it. These traveling waves bring the control membrane into rotational motion in respect to membrane 8. Optical moiré interference pattern is generated as the geometric location of the adjacent micro pores of the two membranes change when the control membrane rotates. This interference effect alters the flow transmissibility. The adaptive actuator can control the rotation of the membrane 9 and thus the flow rate through the valve. Moreover, a steel plate 7 with wholes corresponding to the geometrical shape of moiré patterns generated in the membrane pair at specific angle is placed after the membrane pair. The membrane pair is calibrated in the way that the valve is fully closed when the angle of rotation of the control membrane is zero. When the membrane 9 is gradually rotated, moiré patterns start to form. When the interference moiré pattern coincides with the holes of the steel plate 7, the smart valve lets through the maximum flow.   3. Formation of the moiré interference pattern  Modeling was performed with two identical membranes (Figure 2), which micro pores are of the same diameter r=0.05 and are located by the same distance d=0.2 (Figure 8). When piezocylinder is not generating deformations waves, the membranes do not form any moiré patterns and the flow through the valve is zero (Figure 3). When the power source is connected to piezocylinder, it turns one membrane by angles alfa (Figure 9). Different moiré patterns are generated what corresponds to variable flow through the valve.         Fig.  2. Geometric locations of micro pores when alfa=0 Fig.  3. Geometric location of micro pores when the flow through the valve is zero  272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS    © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716  55                   Detailed investigations of the moiré patters are necessary for development of flow control algorithms. The diameters of the moiré circles D distance between the circles’ centres L and the alignment angle beta (Fig. 10) were measured for different control angles alfa.  Fig. 10. The position of moiré circles when membrane turn by angle alfa  Fig.  4. Geometric locations of the moiré circles when alfa=0.01 Fig.  5. Geometric locations of the moiré circles when alfa=0.05 Fig. 6. Geometric locations of the moiré circles when alfa=0.1 Fig. 7. Geometric locations of the moiré circles when alfa=0.2 Fig. 8. Location of micro pores in membrane Fig.  9. Micro pores location when membrane turns by angles alfa  272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS    © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716  56  All described measurements are performed at the radius of micro pores r = 0.05. The relationships between D, L and beta from control angle alfa are presented in Figures 11-13. The relationship between D and alfa (Figure 11) shows, that the diameter of moiré circles D decreases when angle alfa is increased. When alfa reaches 0.12 this relationship becomes almost linear and varies very slow. It was impossible to measure the diameters of moiré circles when the values of alfa where higher than 0.34. This relationship is almost invariant to the distance d between centers of micro pores.  The relationship between L and alfa (Figure 12) shows, that when the distance  between  the centres of micro pores and  angle alfa increases more than one moiré circle is generated and it is possible to measure the distance between centres of moiré circles L. Distance L between centres of the moiré circles gradually declines when angle alfa is increased. This relationship becomes almost linear when the value of angle is larger than 0.16 for all values of d. The relationship between beta and alfa (Figure 13) is almost linear. It can be noted that the angle beta grows when alfa is increased.  D(alfa), r=0.050123456700.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.450.50alfaDd=0.2d=0.3d=0.4d=0.5d=0.6d=0.7d=0.8d=0.9d=1L(alfa), r=0.050123400.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.450.50alfaLd=0.2d=0.3d=0.4d=0.5d=0.6d=0.7d=0.8d=0.9   beta(alfa), r=0.050510152000.060.120.180.240.300.360.420.48alfabetad=0.2d=0.3d=0.4d=0.5d=0.6d=0.7d=0.8d=0.9   Analogous relationships are produced for fixed value of d = 0.2 and variable r (Figures 14-16) what forms the theoretical background for the development and design of smart membrane valves based on geometric moiré interference patterns.  D(alfa), d=0.20123456700.060.120.180.240.300.360.420.48alfaDr=0.03r=0.04r=0.05L(alfa), d=0.200,511,522,533,500.060.120.180.240.300.360.420.48alfaLr=0.03r=0.04r=0.05   Fig. 11. The relationship D(alfa) when r=0.05 Fig. 12. The relationship L(alfa) when r=0.05 Fig. 13. The relationship beta (alfa) when r=0.05 Fig. 14. The relationship D(alfa) when d=0.2 Fig. 15. The relationship L(alfa) when d=0.2  272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS    © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716  57 beta(alfa), d=0.20510152000.070.140.210.280.350.420.49alfabetar=0.03r=0.04r=0.05Fig. 16. The relationship beta (alfa) when d=0.2  Conclusions  Construction and principle of operation of membrane valve which functionality is based on the formation of moiré patterns is proposed in this paper. Numerical model of the moiré interference between the static and controllable membranes is developed. Analysis of the effect of moiré interference enables the construction of an effective flow control strategy.   References  [1] Lindler J. E., Anderson E. H. Piezoelectric Direct Drive Servovalve, Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, SPIE Paper 4698-53, San Diego, March 2002. [2] Zhao H., Stanley K., Jonathan Wu Q. M. and Czyzewska E. Structure and Characterization of a Planar Normally Closed Bulk Micromachined Piezoelectric Valve for Fuel Cell Applications, Sensors and Actuators A, Physical, Vol. 120, Issue 1, 29 April 2005, pp. 134-141. [3] Li H. Q., Roberts D. C., Steyn J. L., Turner K. T., Yaglioglu O., Hagood N. W., Spearing S. M. and Schmidt M. A. Fabrication of a High Frequency Piezoelectric Microvalve, Sensors and Actuators A, Phy-sical, Vol. 111, Issue 1, 1 March 2004, pp. 51-56. [4] Cloud G. Optical Methods of Engineering Analysis, (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995). [5] Post D., Han B., Ifju P. High Sensitivity Moire, Experimental Analysis for Mechanics and Materials, (Springer-Verlag, January 1994). [6]  Patorski K., Kujawinska M. The Moire Fringe Technique. Elsvier science publisher, Netherlans, 1993.     

Development of smart membrane valve based on geometric moiré interferometry

Journal of Vibroengineering

 © VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716 
 
53 
272. Development of Smart Membrane Valve Based on Geometric  
        Moiré Interferometry 
 
 
R. P. Bansevicius, a, M. Ragulskis2,b R. Mitruleviciute3,c  
1 Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, 
   Department of Mechatronics, Kestucio st. 27, LT - 44312 Kaunas, Lithuania 
2 Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, 
   Department of Fundamental Sciences, Studentu st. 50, LT - 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania 
3
 Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, 
   Department of Mechatronics, Kestucio st. 27, LT - 44312 Kaunas, Lithuania 
E-mail:    aRamutis.Bansevicius@ktu.lt,   bminvydas.ragulskis@ktu.lt,    cruta.mitruleviciute@stud.ktu.lt 
 
(Received  10  May  2007;  accepted 15 June  2007) 
 
 
 
 
Abstract. Novel smart membrane valve which functionality is based on optical interference effects caused by moiré 
interferometry is proposed in this paper. The membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. Geometrical adjustment 
between adjacent holes in both membranes results in zero flow rate through the valve when no control signal is 
activated. Rotation of the control membrane generates moiré interference effects which are exploited for flow control. 
Relationships between the shape and geometric locations of the moiré circles and the control parameters of the second 
membrane are determined what helps to implement optimal valve control strategies.  
 
Keywords: Moiré interferometry, flow control, piezoelectric ceramics. 
 
1. Introduction 
 
Valves with piezoelectric actuator control can be 
found in many different scientific and engineering 
applications. Typical examples are piezoelectric direct 
drive servo valves [1, 2, 3]. Many different constructions 
of piezoelectrically actuated valves are presently 
commercially available and can be purchased from 
industrial sub suppliers like PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P., 
Farmington Engineering, Inc., EDO Electro-Ceramic 
Products, etc.. Our goal was to develop a new valve with 
piezoelectric actuation based on the interference of moiré 
gratings. 
Novel smart membrane valve which functionality is 
based on optical interference effects caused by moiré 
interferometry [4, 5, 6] is proposed in this paper. The 
membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. Each of 
the composite membranes is formed as an array of small 
round holes evenly distributed throughout the valve 
cross-section. One membrane is fixed motionlessly inside 
the valve. The other membrane is mounted on a precision 
control mechanism which can perform rotational and / or 
longitudinal micro motions.  
Both membranes are geometrically adjusted in such a 
way that adjacent holes in both membranes do not 
coincide when no control signal is activated in the control 
mechanism of the second membrane what results into 
minimum flow rate through the valve. Microscopic 
angular deflections of the second membrane result into 
optical moiré interference between the gratings of the 
membrane pair. Piezoelectric mechanism for the rotation 
of the control membrane comprises a piezocylinder and 
steel disk with holes corresponding to the generated 
moiré pattern at certain angle mismatch between the 
membrane pair. An interference pattern of circles (not a 
pattern of interference fringes) is formed due to the fact 
that the moiré grating is comprised not from a 
conventional array of parallel lines but from a mesh of 
holes.  
Numerical and mathematical models of the effect of 
moiré interference occurring in the membrane valve are 
investigated. Relationships between the shape and 
geometric locations of the moiré interference circles and 
the control parameters of the second membrane are 
determined what helps to implement optimal valve 
control strategies. Original patented constructions and 
implementations of the smart valve control strategies is 
the object of analysis in this paper. 
 
2. Construction of the piezoelectric valve actuator 
 
Smart membrane valves can be applied in automatic 
fluid regulation systems for micro flow quantity control 
in different mechatronics systems in medicine, alimentary 
industry, etc.  
The membrane is comprised from two steel gratings. 
Each of the composite membranes is formed as an array 
of small round holes evenly distributed throughout the 
valve cross-section. One membrane is fixed motionlessly 
inside the valve. The other membrane is mounted on a 
precision control mechanism which can perform 
rotational and / or longitudinal micro motions. The 
schematic structure of the valve is presented in Figure 1. 
 272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS 
 
 
 
© VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716 
 
54 
 
 
 
Fig. 1. 1-cylindrical valve body, 2-control actuator, 3-incoming cavity, 4-output cavity, 5-piezocylinder, 6-power supply,          
7-steel disc with holes, 8-motionlessly fixed membrane, 9-control membrane, 10-layer of teflon 
 
Smart membrane valve consist of cylindrical body 1 
with control actuator 2 mounted inside it. Actuator 2 
divides the body into incoming 3 and output 4 cavities.  
Piezocylinder 5 is connected to the power supply 6. 
Control actuator 2 consists of steel disc 7 with holes, 
which is rigidly fixed in the body 1. Two identical 
membranes with micro pores 8 and 9 are placed before 
the steel disk 7. Membrane 8 is fixed motionlessly, while 
membrane 9 can rotate in respect to membrane 8 and is 
fixed to the piezocylinder 5. Steel disk 7 is coated with 
teflon 10 which prevents the membrane 8 of wearing.  
The principle of operation can be explained as 
follows. Traveling deformation waves are generated in 
the pjezocylinder 5 when the power source 6 is connected 
to it. These traveling waves bring the control membrane 
into rotational motion in respect to membrane 8. Optical 
moiré interference pattern is generated as the geometric 
location of the adjacent micro pores of the two 
membranes change when the control membrane rotates. 
This interference effect alters the flow transmissibility. 
The adaptive actuator can control the rotation of the 
membrane 9 and thus the flow rate through the valve. 
Moreover, a steel plate 7 with wholes corresponding to 
the geometrical shape of moiré patterns generated in the 
membrane pair at specific angle is placed after the 
membrane pair. The membrane pair is calibrated in the 
way that the valve is fully closed when the angle of 
rotation of the control membrane is zero. When the 
membrane 9 is gradually rotated, moiré patterns start to 
form. When the interference moiré pattern coincides with 
the holes of the steel plate 7, the smart valve lets through 
the maximum flow.  
 
3. Formation of the moiré interference pattern 
 
Modeling was performed with two identical 
membranes (Figure 2), which micro pores are of the same 
diameter r=0.05 and are located by the same distance 
d=0.2 (Figure 8). When piezocylinder is not generating 
deformations waves, the membranes do not form any 
moiré patterns and the flow through the valve is zero 
(Figure 3). When the power source is connected to 
piezocylinder, it turns one membrane by angles alfa 
(Figure 9). Different moiré patterns are generated what 
corresponds to variable flow through the valve.  
 
  
   
 
Fig.  2. Geometric locations of micro 
pores when alfa=0 
Fig.  3. Geometric location of micro pores when 
the flow through the valve is zero 
 272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS 
 
 
 
© VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716 
 
55 
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
Detailed investigations of the moiré patters are 
necessary for development of flow control algorithms. 
The diameters of the moiré circles D distance between the 
circles’ centres L and the alignment angle beta (Fig. 10) 
were measured for different control angles alfa. 
 
Fig. 10. The position of moiré circles when membrane turn by angle alfa  
Fig.  4. Geometric locations of the moiré 
circles when alfa=0.01 
Fig.  5. Geometric locations of the moiré 
circles when alfa=0.05 
Fig. 6. Geometric locations of the moiré 
circles when alfa=0.1 
Fig. 7. Geometric locations of the moiré 
circles when alfa=0.2 
Fig. 8. Location of micro pores in membrane Fig.  9. Micro pores location when membrane 
turns by angles alfa 
 272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS 
 
 
 
© VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716 
 
56 
 
All described measurements are performed at the 
radius of micro pores r = 0.05. The relationships between 
D, L and beta from control angle alfa are presented in 
Figures 11-13. 
The relationship between D and alfa (Figure 11) 
shows, that the diameter of moiré circles D decreases 
when angle alfa is increased. When alfa reaches 0.12 this 
relationship becomes almost linear and varies very slow. 
It was impossible to measure the diameters of moiré 
circles when the values of alfa where higher than 0.34. 
This relationship is almost invariant to the distance d 
between centers of micro pores.  
The relationship between L and alfa (Figure 12) 
shows, that when the distance  between  the centres of 
micro pores and  angle alfa increases more than one 
moiré circle is generated and it is possible to measure the 
distance between centres of moiré circles L. Distance L 
between centres of the moiré circles gradually declines 
when angle alfa is increased. This relationship becomes 
almost linear when the value of angle is larger than 0.16 
for all values of d. 
The relationship between beta and alfa (Figure 13) is 
almost linear. It can be noted that the angle beta grows 
when alfa is increased.  
D(alfa), r=0.05
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0.
05
0.
10
0.
15
0.
20
0.
25
0.
30
0.
35
0.
40
0.
45
0.
50
alfa
D
d=0.2
d=0.3
d=0.4
d=0.5
d=0.6
d=0.7
d=0.8
d=0.9
d=1
L(alfa), r=0.05
0
1
2
3
4
0
0.
05
0.
10
0.
15
0.
20
0.
25
0.
30
0.
35
0.
40
0.
45
0.
50
alfa
L
d=0.2
d=0.3
d=0.4
d=0.5
d=0.6
d=0.7
d=0.8
d=0.9
 
 
 
beta(alfa), r=0.05
0
5
10
15
20
0
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.2
4
0.3
0
0.3
6
0.4
2
0.4
8
alfa
be
ta
d=0.2
d=0.3
d=0.4
d=0.5
d=0.6
d=0.7
d=0.8
d=0.9
 
 
 
Analogous relationships are produced for fixed value of d = 0.2 and variable r (Figures 14-16) what forms the 
theoretical background for the development and design of smart membrane valves based on geometric moiré 
interference patterns.  
D(alfa), d=0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.2
4
0.3
0
0.3
6
0.4
2
0.4
8
alfa
D
r=0.03
r=0.04
r=0.05
L(alfa), d=0.2
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
0
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.2
4
0.3
0
0.3
6
0.4
2
0.4
8
alfa
L
r=0.03
r=0.04
r=0.05
 
  
Fig. 11. The relationship D(alfa) when r=0.05 Fig. 12. The relationship L(alfa) when r=0.05 
Fig. 13. The relationship beta (alfa) when r=0.05 
Fig. 14. The relationship D(alfa) when d=0.2 Fig. 15. The relationship L(alfa) when d=0.2 
 272. DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MEMBRANE VALVE BASED ON GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY. K. RAGULSKIS, E. KIBIRKŠTIS, D. PAULIUKAITIS 
 
 
 
© VIBROMECHANIKA.  JOURNAL OF  VIBROENGINEERING.  2007 APRIL/JUNE,   VOLUME 9,  ISSUE 2,  ISSN 1392-8716 
 
57 
beta(alfa), d=0.2
0
5
10
15
20
0
0.0
7
0.1
4
0.2
1
0.2
8
0.3
5
0.4
2
0.4
9
alfa
be
ta
r=0.03
r=0.04
r=0.05
Fig. 16. The relationship beta (alfa) when d=0.2 
 
Conclusions 
 
Construction and principle of operation of membrane 
valve which functionality is based on the formation of 
moiré patterns is proposed in this paper. Numerical model 
of the moiré interference between the static and 
controllable membranes is developed. Analysis of the 
effect of moiré interference enables the construction of an 
effective flow control strategy.  
 
References 
 
[1] Lindler J. E., Anderson E. H. Piezoelectric Direct Drive 
Servovalve, Industrial and Commercial Applications of 
Smart Structures Technologies, SPIE Paper 4698-53, San 
Diego, March 2002. 
[2] Zhao H., Stanley K., Jonathan Wu Q. M. and Czyzewska 
E. Structure and Characterization of a Planar Normally 
Closed Bulk Micromachined Piezoelectric Valve for Fuel 
Cell Applications, Sensors and Actuators A, Physical, Vol. 
120, Issue 1, 29 April 2005, pp. 134-141. 
[3] Li H. Q., Roberts D. C., Steyn J. L., Turner K. T., 
Yaglioglu O., Hagood N. W., Spearing S. M. and 
Schmidt M. A. Fabrication of a High Frequency 
Piezoelectric Microvalve, Sensors and Actuators A, Phy-
sical, Vol. 111, Issue 1, 1 March 2004, pp. 51-56. 
[4] Cloud G. Optical Methods of Engineering Analysis, 
(Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995). 
[5] Post D., Han B., Ifju P. High Sensitivity Moire, 
Experimental Analysis for Mechanics and Materials, 
(Springer-Verlag, January 1994). 
[6]  Patorski K., Kujawinska M. The Moire Fringe Technique. 
Elsvier science publisher, Netherlans, 1993. 
 
 
 
 


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Development of smart membrane valve based on geometric moiré interferometry

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