A recent shift towards more collective leadership in the NHS can help to achievea culture of safety, particularly through encouraging frontline staff to participateand take responsibility for improving safety through learning from error andnear misses. Leaders must ensure that they provide psychological safety,organizational fairness and learning systems for staff to feel confident in raisingconcerns, that they have the autonomy and skills to lead continual improvement,and that they have responsibility for spreading this learning within and acrossorganizations
