Cosmic Lensing -- A new paradigm for Universe expansion interpretation

Abstract

The Einstein's General Relativity theory and the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metrics define the main equations that rule the history and future of the Universe. The Standard Model for cosmology collects this knowledge along with some other elements as cosmological distances. Thus, the link between the theory and observations is performed through some basic cosmological distances as luminosity distance $D_L$ and angular diameter distance $D_A$. In this paper, Cosmic Lensing (CL) is presented. CL is a novel paradigm that demonstrates the inverse square law invariance within the FLRW geometry. In this way, CL reveals a new relationship between $D_L$ and $D_A$ in an expanding universe given by $D_L=D_A(1+z)$, opposed to the relation $D_L=D_A(1+z)^2$ established about a century ago and assumed by the Standard Model. In the same sense, a compatible surface brightness vs luminosity relation -- different from the one proposed by Tolman -- is derived from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) equations. As a consequence, previous cosmology methods and results entrusting on luminosity as observational data must be reviewed. The expansion rate and the relative densities of the dark components of the Universe, as dark matter and dark energy, should be revised within the new paradigm