The Cultur Improvement of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) at Ever Spring Farm

Abstract

本研究以根莖類之恆春薯蕷及四種塊莖類山藥品種（系）為試驗材料，利用逢機完全區集設計，統計分析適合推廣栽培於恆春地區之恆春薯蕷栽培法及塊莖類山藥品種，使山藥成為恆春生態農場獨具特色之農產品。茲將試驗結果敘述如次： 恆春薯蕷之種薯沾上草木灰經催芽後種植於人工高畦生長良好，栽培八個月後平均一株根莖重482g，最大根莖重613g，估計每公頃產量10公噸；在人工高畦上實施半遮蔭栽培，對於恆春薯蕷之生長及產量無顯著之影響，但能栽培出較重之最大根莖之趨勢。栽培七個月後平均一株根莖重343g，最大根莖重452g，因株距縮短為25cm，故產量估計增加為15t/ha。 塊莖類山藥以台東地方種、農試品保4號及台農1號表現較佳，但因該農場屬於黏質壤土至黏土，土壤黏重堅硬，產量銳減，平均一株塊莖重僅334g，如能在較輕鬆之砂質壤土種植，產量將可提升。 The purposes of this study were to determine the optimum culture method of Herng-chuen yam, Dioscorea doryophora Hance, and to select the adapted cultivars/lines of D. alata L. at Ever Spring Farm, the south of Taiwan. The results showed that the seedling og Herng-Chuen Yam Derived from the rhizome treated with grass ash, adapted well to hill culture mathod reach 10t/ha. Seedling grown under half shelter showed no significant effect on plant grown under half shelter showed no significant, the yield could reach 15t/ha, with the plant spacing lOOcm×25cm. Cultivating cultivars/lines og tuberous yam, e.g., Taitung local yam, TARI 70W- 04, and Yainung No.1, resulted in slightly higher tuber yield in the field of clay loan to clay, however mean tuber weight only 334g/pl. Higher tuber weight can be obtained when cultibated in sandy loam