The Achievement and Prospect of Sweet Potato Breeding in Twiawn

Abstract

台灣甘藷品種改良工作開始於1911年，在過去數十年問，已有不少的改進和發展，尤其是在品質改進方面，成果更是顯著。其間所育成之甘藷品種共有70餘個，其中10個是目前商品化栽培的品種，為台農57、64、65、66、67、68、69、70號、桃園l號及台南18號。有關甘藷育種基礎研究的成果主要有：甘藷自交和雜交不稔群之檢定；甘藷品種不同組合間之一般和特定組合測定；甘藷開花和結實生理及促進開花之效果；甘藷產量構成之形態和生理因素的相關和路徑係數分析；採用逢機交配族群改進育種方法之效果；甘藷重要質和量性狀之遺傳和相關分析及甘藷田間試驗技術之改進等。 本省甘藷之栽培面積大為減少，但已趨穩定，未來須要進一步努力，繼續使其安定的發展，建議重要的改進項目有：(1)加強甘藷品種改良，應用多向雜交和生物技術方法，育成抗病蟲之高食用品質，優異加工品質，高產及低生產成本的品種；(2)改進甘藷健康苗之培養技術及建立健康種苗之生產體系：(3)加強甘藷遺傳種質資源收集、評估和利用；及(4)開發甘藷產品加工方法和產品有效的利用等。 欲達成前述各項改進工作，必須結合遺傳、育種、病理、昆蟲、生理、生物技術及食品加工技術等之有關重要科學，加強合作努力，則今後甘藷之產業，才能保證獲得更有利的發展。 The sweet potato breeding program in Taiwan was started as early as in 1911. Over 70 cultivars of sweet potato have been released during the past eighty years and the achievement has been especially remarkable in the field of quality improvement. Currently the leading commercial cultivars are Tainung Nos. 57, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 and 70, Taoyuan No. 1, and Tainan No. 18. Numerous basic studies related to breeding have been carried out by the Chiayi Agriculture Experimental Station in the following fields: the identification of self- and cross incompatibility, the testing of general and specific combining ability among defferent types of cross combinations, the discovery of factors affecting flowering and seed-set, the methods of promoting flowering, the analysis of morphological and physiological yield components through the analysis of correlation and path coefficients, the use of random mating population for the development of superior cutivars, the genetic and correlation analysis of some important quantitative and qualitative traits, and the improvement of field sampling techniques for progeny selection, in addition to a series of yield trials. In view of the decreasing trend in sweet potato production in Taiwan, efforts for improvement and renovation of sweet potato production in the following subjects are suggested: 1) the improvement of cultivars with disease and insect resistance, high eating and processing quality, high productivity, and low production cost by both polycross method and biotechnological approaches; 2) the efficient production of virus-free seedlings through in vitro propagation techniques; 3) the collection, evaluation ,and utilization of genetic resources; and 4) the development of processing methods to widen the utilization scope of sweet potato products