This lesson discusses many examples of how the signals from the beam monitors
are used to diagnose the beam in circular, third-generation synchrotron light
sources. During the school, diagnostic examples in other machines (e.g.
colliders, CTF3, linacs and free-electron lasers (FEL), and medical
accelerators) were given in other lectures. This lesson assumes that the signal
generation in the instrument itself is already known; the main focus lies on
the dependence of the signals on various machine parameters and their
interpretation to diagnose the machine parameters and conditions.Comment: 22 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Beam
Instrumentation, 2-15 June 2018, Tuusula, Finlan