Rabbit syndrome (RS) is an involuntary movement disorder, characterized by fast and fine
movements of oral and masticatory muscles along the mouth vertical axis in the absence of tongue
involvement. RS prevalence varies between 2.3% to 4.4% and could result from the administration of
antipsychotics and antidepressants. In case of second generation antipsychotics, there is a reduced risk
of RS compared with first generation antipsychotics with mainly isolated literature case reports
especially with the use of risperidone as antipsychotic. RS affects only the buccal region, with the
possible involvement of the basal ganglia, in particular the substantia nigra. The management of RS
include reduction or change of the psychotropic treatment and use of anticholinergic medications such
as trihexyphenidyl. Although RS is rare and easily treatable, it is essential that dentists and
psychiatrists could distinguish this syndrome from other movement disorders such as tardive
dyskinesia
