Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Food and Agriculture
Abstract
Protein deficiency has a permanent and long-term effect, which is a decrease in intelligence, abnormal growth, and stunting. Maluku is the province with the lowest protein consumption in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of price, income, and demographic factors on animal protein food demand, using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System approach. The research data used 2016 Susenas data of 4,811 households. The results showed that an increase in animal food prices by one percent decreased demand for eggs, chicken, beef, fresh fish and milk powder, respectively, by 0.452%, 2,024%, 4,382%, 2,507%, and 0.969%. The most elastic beef was followed by chicken, fresh fish, milk powder, and eggs with income elasticities of 3,928%, 2,278%, 1,752%, 1,456%, and 0.562%, respectively. All animal foods are luxury items, except eggs are normal goods. In urban areas, beef, fresh fish and milk power are complementary, whereas in rural areas all animal foods are substitutes. Moreover, the impacts of socio-demographic factors on the demand for animal products were found to be very low. To increase protein consumption, the Maluku government needs to maintain the stability of animal food prices, especially eggs. Price policies are more effective than income policies both in urban and rural area
