Groundnut shell ash is one of the important pozzolanic materials containing that can be mixed with ordinary Portland cement for the manufactured of long durable and good valuable product. The present experimental evaluation is rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCL) on properties of replaced ground nut shell ash concrete is taken as research area. However at 20% replacement level of ground nutshell ash more resistance to 3% Hydrochloric acid attack

K, GANESAN.

K, PANDI.

English

KHALSA PUBLICATIONS

        I S S N  2 3 2 1 - 8 0 7 X             V o l u m e  1 3  N u m b e r 5      J o u r n a l  o f  A d v a n c e s  i n  c h e m i s t r y  6232 | P a g e                                        F e b r u a r y  2 0 1 7                                              w w w . c i r w o r l d . c o m  CHLORIDE PENETRATION ON GROUND NUT SHELL ASH CONCRETE UNDER ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT   PANDI.K1, GANESAN.K2 1Sardar Raja College of engineering, Alangulam, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu-627808, India. 2Sudharsan College of    engineering,   Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu-622501, India. 1envepandi@yahoo.co.in, 2ganesanhari@yahoo.com   ABSTRACT Groundnut shell ash is one of the important pozzolanic materials containing that can be mixed with ordinary Portland cement for the manufactured of long durable and good valuable product. The present experimental evaluation is rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCL) on properties of replaced ground nut shell ash concrete is taken as research area. However at 20% replacement level of ground nutshell ash more resistance to 3% Hydrochloric acid attack. Key words Ground nut shell ash, compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, deterioration 1. INTRODUCTION The deterioration of concrete is the primary source of cement industries to release CO2 level approximate 5% of the global CO2emission. Concrete durability is defined as ability to resist the good performance of various exposure conditions for with stand over an intention period with minimum cost of maintenance. In this problem related embedded steel corrosion change the size and shape of concrete structures, cracking, carbonated, scaling and spalling of concrete. Utilisation of various cement supplementary materials has become a common used in the civil construction field in these cement supplementary materials are various industries and agricultural by products of waste. Fly ash, Bagasse ash, rice husk ash, silica fume and blast furnace slag can be sited as an example. Ground nut shell ash has also been used as such pozzolanic property. Egbe –Ngu Ntui Ogork et-al(2014) in their research a study on ground nut husk ash concrete under acid attack, experimental investigated the partial replacement with ground nut husk ash 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,30% and 40% on M20 grade of concrete. The strength at the age of 3, 7, 28, 60 and 90 days were obtained and compared to the conventional concrete. After the durability study of 28 and 90 days immersion of 20 days cured concrete specimens in 10% diluted H2SO4 and HNO3showed that losses in mass are 16.3% and 17.3%respectively the study concluded that the compressive strength of concrete (decreased with increase in GNHA content) were attained in the range of 10% replacement level and more over good resistance in H2SO4environment. The present experimental research, ground nut shell ash was mixed with OPC at different percentage by replacement method and practically analysis of the deterioration resistance characters has been made in addition strength and durability properties of acidic environment and the experimental results were compared with normal ordinary Portland cement concrete. 2. MATERIALS & EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Ordinary Portland cement 43 grade confirming to Indian standard IS 8112-1989 used for this research as shown in table – 1 [1]. Fine aggregate from locally available river graded 1.18  sieve passing  with fineness modulus 3.7 and specific gravity of 2.62 was used as a fine aggregate confirming to IS - 383 – 1970[5]. Coarse aggregates are available hard granite Brocken stone 20 mm passing and 12.5 mm retained on sieve with fineness modulus 5.51 and specific gravity 2.76 as per IS383 – 1970 [5]. GNSA – The ground nut shell ash collected from peanut industries at kovilpatty, Tamil Nadu, India. It was further burnt 700oc for 1hr under controlled conditions to removal of excess carbon and making fine powder. The properties of GNSA as shown in given table (1). Table-1 Chemical analysis and physical properties ordinary Portland cement and GNSA Details  OPC Ground nut shell  ash Fineness (retained on 90 µm sieve) 6.25 1.2 Normal consistency 27% - Initial setting time (min) 45 - Final setting time (min) 420 - Specific gravity 3.05 2.84 SiO2 22.8 34.36 Fe2 O3 4.5 4.76 Al2 O3 6.08 12.73         I S S N  2 3 2 1 - 8 0 7 X             V o l u m e  1 3  N u m b e r 5      J o u r n a l  o f  A d v a n c e s  i n  c h e m i s t r y  6233 | P a g e                                        F e b r u a r y  2 0 1 7                                              w w w . c i r w o r l d . c o m  Ca O 56.9 15.8 Mg O 5.6 4.86 SO3 2.1 5.86 K2O 0.83 1.53 Loss on ignition (950ºC) 2.4 0.704  2.1 SEM analysis for Cement & Ground Nut Shell Ash Fig -1a and Fig -1b describes the scanning electron micro graph of cement and ground nut shell ash calcined at 800°C and 900°C. The black flack appears for un burned carbon and the whitish appears indicate for silica .The unburned carbon combusted and white silica aggregate  are disappear in ground nut shell ash  calcined at 800°C to affected the structure of silica grains particles. Fig. (1a) SEM Image of Cement Fig. (1b) SEM Image of Ground Nut Shell Ash            2.2 MIX DESIGN AND MIX PROPORTION The concrete mix design conforming to IS 10262 – 2009 performed for M20 grade of concrete for reference mix and the cement is replaced with ground nut shell ash in 5% interval upto 30%. 3. METHODOLOGY  Water absorption test according to ASTM C 642 – 972 is performed and Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) performed as per ASTM C1202- 94.  4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 WATER ABSORPTION AND COEFFICIENT OF WATER ABSORPTION TEST As per ASTM  C 642-972 the triplicate concrete specimen size 80mm diameter and 50mm thick used for water absorption and coefficient of water absorption with and without ground nut shell ash (GNSA) in different replacement level like 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% in casted  after 28 days water curing the concrete specimens are  taken in to dried up in 24 hours for open atmosphere . After drying the concrete specimens were immersed in 3% hydro chloric acid solution for 365 days. Over the period of acid curing the test specimens are oven dried in to 24 hrs at the temperature 105 ºc ± 5 ºc .The average test values were recorded for water absorption and coefficient of water absorption are calculated as bellows. % of water absorption = [(W2- W1)/ W1] X 100 Where, W1=oven dry weight of cubes in grams; W2= after 24 hours wet weight of cubes in grams  Table - 2 Water absorption and coefficient water absorption Sl. No. GNSA replacement in %  Saturated water  absorption in % coefficient of water absorption  (m2/sec) 28 days  365 days 28 days 365 days GS1 0%(control) 3.14 3.87 1.49X10-11 2.23X10-11         I S S N  2 3 2 1 - 8 0 7 X             V o l u m e  1 3  N u m b e r 5      J o u r n a l  o f  A d v a n c e s  i n  c h e m i s t r y  6234 | P a g e                                        F e b r u a r y  2 0 1 7                                              w w w . c i r w o r l d . c o m  GS2 5% 2.82 3.68 1.18X10-11 2.03X10-11 GS3 10% 2.63 3.51 1.03X10-11 1.84X10-11 GS4 15% 2.45 3.33 0.90X10-11 1.66X10-11 GS5 20% 2.28 3.14 0.78X10-11 1.49X10-11 GS6 25% 1.98 2.97 0.56X10-11 1.33X10-11 GS7 30% 3.52 3.85 1.84X10-11 2.23X10-11  From the table 2 shows that coefficient of water absorption of conventional concrete (OPC) and various percentage replacement level of GNSA concrete after 28 and 365 days. In this experimental value obtained that the coefficient of water absorption of ground nut shell ash replaced concrete at 25% replacement level is found to be lesser value when compared to conventional concrete. The coefficient of water absorption percentage value will be reduced after 28 days and 365 days (62% and 42%). 5. Rapid chloride permeability test As per ASTM C1202- 94. The test was carried out the triplicate concrete specimen of size 100 mm diameter and 50 mm thickness with mix ratio 1:1.44:3.16 with water binder ratio 0.5.The cement concrete specimen with OPC concrete (conventional) and ordinary Portland cement replaced by ground nut shell ash (GNSA) in different replacement level like 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% in casted. In fabrication of concrete cubes were mechanically vibrated. After 24 hours, the demoulding of cubes to immerse water curing for 28 days. After that the concrete specimens for taken out and dried into 24 hours open atmosphere. After drying the concrete specimens were immersed in to 3%HCL solution for 365 days. In this test two halves of the concrete specimens are sealed with plastic container of 110mm .one portion of the container is filled with 3% sodium chloride solution (Nacl) the another portion of the container is filled with 0.3N NaOH solution .The test cell was connected for Nacl in negative charge and NaOH in positive charge of 60 V power supply. The potential of current is measured at every 30 minutes interval up to 6 hours. During the period the temperature of the solution was maintained and monitored. In this experimental results using current and time interval chloride penetration is calculated in terms of charges of the Columbus at the 6 hours duration period[3]. Fig 6 Rapid chloride permeability setup  Table –3 Rapid chloride permeability test of GNSA partial replacement concrete after 28,180 and 365 days HCL 3% solution curing Sl.No. Replacement of cement in % Total charge passed in coulombs 28 days 180 days  365 days  P1 0%( control) 2810 2600 2430 P2 5% 2595 2320 2200 P3 10% 2180 2110 2010 P4 15% 1940 1890 1806 P5 20% 1800 1745 1700 P6 25% 2020 2102 2182 P7 30% 2500 2415 2605          I S S N  2 3 2 1 - 8 0 7 X             V o l u m e  1 3  N u m b e r 5      J o u r n a l  o f  A d v a n c e s  i n  c h e m i s t r y  6235 | P a g e                                        F e b r u a r y  2 0 1 7                                              w w w . c i r w o r l d . c o m  From the table 3 the chloride ion penetration test result of ground nut shell ash in different replacement level increases the electrical charged passed reduces. The replacement of GNSA was drastically decreased Coulombs values. At the replacement up to 25% of GNSA and 30% GNSA there is an increase the value is increases but compared to lower of control concrete value .In this experimental observation true for 28, 180 and 365 days concrete cured specimens. In this result indicated that permeability of chloride ion is considerably reduced by partial replacement of cement with GNSA. The total electrical charged value for 20% of GNSA mixing concrete considerably lower for 28,180 and 365 days (30%) cured concrete. 5. Conclusion: From the experimental research, it can be obtained that including of ground nut shell ash up to 20% replacement reduces the water absorption, co efficient of water absorption chloride ion penetration and improved the strength and deterioration   resistance characters. From this research concluded that the cement replacement level of GNSA is up to 20% recommended. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  The Authors thankfully acknowledge to Er.A.Jesus Raja, Chairman, Sardar Raja College of Engineering Alangulam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, and India for their motivational and infrastructural support to carry out this research. REFERENCES [1] IS: 8112-1989 specification for 43 grade ordinary port land cement, Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi. [2] ASTM C150 (2001) Standard specification for Portland cement annual book of ASTM                  Standards, 04.01, pp.149-155. [3] ASTM C1202 Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration; 1997. [4] ASTM C-876 1994 standard, Standard test method for half-cell potential rein forcing steel in concrete ,west Conshohocken(PA):American society for testing and materials;p.21.  [5] IS: 383-1970, Specification for coarse and fine aggregates form natural source for concrete,             Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi, India [6] PV Rambabu, J Gopalanvarma, GV ramarao (2015), “Durability study on rice husk ash optimum level of replacement level of cement in concrete”, International journal of engineering trends and technology (IJEET),ISSN2231-5381,vol. 28 no.3. [7] Egbe-Ngu Ntui Ogork ,Okorie Austine Uche, Augustine Uche Elinwa ,” A study of ground nut husk ash –concrete under acid attack”, International journal of modern engineering research, vol.4. [8] Sanjukta sahoo,B.B Kar AK Rath B B Das, “Acid, Alkali and chloride resistance of high volume fly ash concrete”, Indian journal of science and technology,vol-8 (19),DOI:10,1748/ijst/2015/vol8 I 19/7226. [9] K Ganesan , K Rajagopal and K Thangavelu (2007), “Evaluation of bagasse ash as corrosion resisting admixture for carbon steel in concrete”, Anti -corrosion methods and materials,vol. 54, no.4, Pp. 230-236. [10] Ranjith A, sanjith J and kiran b m “Experimental investigation on performance of sugarcane Bagasse ash concrete in acidic environment”, International journal of earth science and engineering, Vol. 08, no.2, P.p 471-476. 

CHLORIDE PENETRATION ON GROUND NUT SHELL ASH CONCRETE UNDER ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT

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CHLORIDE PENETRATION ON GROUND NUT SHELL ASH CONCRETE UNDER ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT

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