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A Khovanov homology-style construction extended to biquandle brackets, and associated Mathematica packages for computations

Abstract

In their paper entitled "Quantum Enhancements and Biquandle Brackets," Nelson, Orrison, and Rivera introduced biquandle brackets, which are customized skein invariants for biquandle-colored links. These invariants generalize the Jones polynomial, which is categorified by Khovanov homology. At the end of their paper, Nelson, Orrison, and Rivera asked if the methods of Khovanov homology could be extended to obtain a categorification of biquandle brackets. We outline herein a Khovanov homology-style construction that is an attempt to obtain such a categorification of biquandle brackets. The resulting knot invariant does generalize Khovanov homology, but the biquandle bracket is not always recoverable, meaning the construction is not a true categorification of biquandle brackets. However, the construction does lead to a definition that gives a "canonical" biquandle 2-cocycle associated to a biquandle bracket, which, to the authors' knowledge, was not previously known. Additionally, the authors have created multiple Mathematica packages that can be used for experimental computations with biquandles, biquandle brackets, biquandle 2-cocycles, and the newly-discovered canonical biquandle 2-cocycle associated to a biquandle bracket. We provide herein an explanation of these Mathematica packages, including example computations and an appendix containing the full source code. The packages may also be downloaded from vilas.us/biquandles.No embargoAcademic Major: Computer and Information ScienceAcademic Major: Mathematic

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