Saenz Cambra, Concepcion

English

This thesis examines the political, diplomatic and religious relations between
Spain and Scotland, during the last two decades of Philip II of Spain's life.
Until 1566-68, Spain and England conserved peaceful relations despite a few minor
incidents. Philip II abstained from favouring the Catholic Mary Stewart, a Guise,
instead of Elizabeth. If he had supported her, he would have risked dangerously
increasing France's influence. But, with the English support of the rebels in the
Netherlands and the English attacks on the Spanish Atlantic fleet, Philip considered the
suggestion advocated by lobbyists from Britain that he should assault England through
its traditional enemy and `back gate' Scotland.

The Spanish monarch, obsessively devoted to his faith, was tremendously
concerned with restoring Roman Catholicism to the British Isles; however, he also knew
that instability inside the Isle could mean the end of English aid to the rebels in the
Netherlands and a cessation of the English piracy and privateering; moreover, Scotland
could have been used as a secure base in the North Sea.

This Spanish interest was welcomed in the realm of Scotland not only by the many
discontents, some Catholics, some not, who saw in Spain a new `El Dorado' - the
source of money, troops and employment. Religion often produced clear loyalties, as for
example, the collaborations of the earls of Huntly, Angus and Errol with Spain, i. e. their
involvement in the `Spanish Blanks' in 1593. But other loyalties were often confusing.
For example, Francis Stewart, the earl of Bothwell, a Protestant by education, who
made brief collaborations with Spain. Even in the Scottish court, there was a
considerable political debate; while Mary was still prisoner, James VI was swaying
between Spain and England, looking for money and an assurance of his succession to
the English throne after Queen Elizabeth's death.

The period between 1580 and 1588 was characterized by the Jesuit mission to
Scotland and the preparations for the Spanish Armada of 1588. In the early 1580s, the
Pope gave permission for a Jesuit mission, financed by Spain, to be sent to Scotland to
restore the `true' faith, which functioned until 1583, when it became clear that only an
armed invasion would eliminate Protestantism from the Isle.

Despite the failure of the Armada, its purpose was not forgotten by Philip II nor
the Scots. The plan of an invasion through Scotland was not dismissed, but was waiting
for a `more propitious time. ' The characteristic of this period of ten years, between the
Armada and the death of Philip II of Spain in 1598, was the unrealistic plans for
invasions being hatched in Spain, and the divisions between those who supported a
Spanish or a Scottish candidature for the English throne, and the fear of a Spanish-
Catholic conspiracy in the realm.

Nevertheless, everything was over after the death of Philip II. While Spain was
ruined and suffocating with problems, James VI was reinforcing his alliance with
Elizabeth I, and was assuring his accession to the English throne. The hope of
restoration of the Catholic faith in the Isle was only kept by William and Hugh Sempill;
now the only hope of the Scottish Catholics was the Scots College in Madrid.

This study is based principally on manuscript sources, many of them rarely and
some of them never previously used. Eleven archives were used for this work: Archivo
General de Simancas, Valladolid; Biblioteca Nacional de Espana, Madrid; Nacional
Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; Public Record Office, London; the British Library,
London; Library of the Nacional Maritime Museum, Greenwich; Cambridge University
Library, Cambridge; Archivio di Statu Firenze, Mediceo del Principato; and the Harold
B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Library, Utah

Saenz-Cambra, Concepcion

Edinburgh Research Archive

Scotland and Philip II, 1580-1598: politics, religion, diplomacy and lobbying.

0., England and the Catholic Church under Queen

1516-1598. From state to world empire

5th Earl Bothwell, c. 1562-1612; lordship and politics in Jacobean Scotland' (University of Edinburgh Ph.

A Historical Sketch of the Conflicts between Jesuits and Seculars in the Reign of Elizabeth, with a reprint of Christopher Bagshaw's true relation of the faction begun at Wisbich'; and illustrative documents

A Humble Supplication to her Maiestie by Robert

A Letter from Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Guise,

A Letter Written on October 4,1589 by Captain Cuellar of the Spanish Armada to His Majesty King Philip II, recounting the misadventures in Ireland and elsewere after the wreck of his ship. Translated from the original Spanish by

A new history

A Secret Agent

Acts of the Privy Council of England,

After the Armada. Elizabethan England and the struggle for western Europe,

All the Queen 's men. Power and politics

An Account of the Isle of Man, 8 vols.

An Apologie and Defence of the King of Scotland by

and Papers relating to Patrick Master of Gray, afterwards seventh Lord Gray (Bannatyne Club,

and the Baltic CounterReformation, ' IR,

and the Seminaries in Spain, ' The Month,

Andrew Melville 2 vols.

Annales Ecclesiastici qvos post Caesarem

Archivo General de Simancas, Valladolid E: `Estado' Legs. 573,577,592,816-39,863,951,1420,2034 and 2035. Rome : Legs. 946,948,950 and 954.

Armada Prisoners. The story of Nuestra Senora del Rosario and of other prisoners in England,

Autobiography and Diary of Mr.

Before the Armada. The growth of English foreign policy,

Before the Battle of Langside,

Bernardino de Mendoza and the French Catholic leage

Bibliographical Dictionary of the English Catholics. A literary and biographical history, or bibliographical dictionary of the English Catholics from the breach with Rome to the present time, 5 vols.

Biblioteca Maritima Espanola, obra pöstuma

Bloodfeud in Scotland, 1573-1625. Violence, justice and politics in an early modern society

Calendar of Letters and State Papers relating to English Affairs, preserved principally

Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to English Affairs, existing in the archives and collections of Venice, and in other libraries of Northern Italy,

Calendar of State Papers, Domestic series, of the reigns of

Cardinal Allen and the Society, ' The Month,

Catholic Tractates of the Sixteenth Century, 1573-1600; -Tyrie's refutation, 1573, -Hay's demandes, 1580;

Certaine Advertisements out of Ireland, concerning the losses and distresses happened to the Spanish nauie, vpon the VVest coastes of Ireland,

Commander of the Armada: the seventh duke of Medina Sidonia (New Haven,

Contemporary References to the Scottish Speech

Crichton and The Spanish Blanks, ' IR, miscellany, iv

De Titul et Jure Serenissimae Principis Mariae Scotorum Reginae quo regni Angliae succesionem Bibi juste vindicat libellus, etc.

Documents Illustrating Catholic Policy

Don Guerau de Spes en la Corte Isabelina: la documentaciön diplomätica y el conflicto anglo-espanol, (1568-1571)' (Universidad de Oviedo Ph.

Early Habsburg Spain,

El Architraidor: su vida y su obra' (Universidad del Pais Vasco Ph.

Elizabeth: war and politics,

Elizabethan Catholicism: the dilemma of split allegiance' (Claremont Graduate School Ph.

English Catholicism 1558-1642: continuity and change

English Trade with Peninsular Spain,

Espanoles e Ingleses en el Siglo XVI

Etudes sur l'Histoire de Marie Stuart. Les lettres de la cassette, ' Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, xxxiv (1887),

Europe and the Decline of Spain.

Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh,

Father Persons and the Book of Succession' Recusant History,

Felipe II y el Marques de Santa Cruz en la Empresa de Inglaterra, segün los documentos del archivo de Simancas' (Facultad de Filosofia y Letras de la Universidad Central Madrid Ph.

Felipe II y la Crisis post-Armada: politica exterior y rebeliön, 1588-1594, '

Flandes y el Mar del Norte (1618-1639): la ultima ofensiva europea de los austrias madrilenos

Glorious Reign of Queen Elizabeth. Containing her great victories by land and sea; and her other successes against the enemies of the Protestant religion. Including `an account of the destruction of the great fleet, called the Spanish Armada'

Great Britain 's Solomon: James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms

Guises, les Valois et Philip II, 2 vols.

Guns of the Armada, '

Historia de la Compania de Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana, 4 vols.

Historia de la Teoria politica

Historical Manuscript Commission. Report on the Manuscripts of the late Reginald Rawdon Hastings, Esq., section v, correspondence of the Hastings Family, 1528 to 1699,2

Historical Records of the Family of Leslie

History of England. From the defeat of the Armada to the death of Elizabeth,

History of the Jesuits in England,

Huebner

I and the History of Homosexuality (London,

III and the Pax Hispanica, 1598-1621: the failure of grand strategy

Illustrations of British History, Biography, and Manners, in the reigns of Henry VIII,

Illustrium Scriptorum Religionis Societatis Iesu Catalogus (Moreturm,

Images of a Queen. Mary Stuart in sixteenth-century literature (Berkeley,

Instructions et Memories de Marie Stuart Reine d'Ecosse; publies sur les originauz et les manuscrits du state paper office de Londres et des principales archives to bibliotheques de I 'Europe,

Irlanda y el Rey Prudente

James V to James VII

King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire

King of Scotland, The True Lawe of Free Monarchies; or, the reciprock and mvtvall dvtie betweixt a free King, and his naturall subjectes

L'Espagne Imperiale et les Historiens Britanniques, ' Revue Beige de Philologie et d'Histoire, ccxxxiii

La `Invencible' vista desde la Nunciatura de

La Armada Invencible, 2 vols.

La Politica de Felipe II. Dos estudios

La Politica International de Felipe IV

Letters and Memorials of Father

Letters of Mr

Lineage and Civil Society: a study of society, politics and mentality in the Durham region, 1500-1640

List of Rectors or Administrators at Scots College,

Maitland of Thirlestane and the Foundation of the Stewart Despotism in

Mary Stewart

Mary's Catholic Interlude, ' IR,

Memoir of Alexander Seton, Earl of Dunfermline,

Memoirs and Adventures of Sir

Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland,

MSS 1761,2396,2751,3826,4512,6949 and 7456. MS/98555 (h.

Murder under Trust: the crimes and death of Sir Lachlan Mor Maclean of Duart,

Narratives of the Scottish Reformation,

Obvious Design: papers for the symposium with an edition and translation of the account of Francisco de Cuellar. Spanish Armada Symposium,

Pamphleteers. The Allen-Persons party and the political thought of the Counter-Reformation in England,

Papers relating to the defeat of Spanish Armada,

Papers relating to the Navy during the Spanish War,

Persons El Architraidor'

Persons: the biography of an Elizabethan Jesuit,

Philip III and the Stuart Succession

https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/6913/1/491728.pdf

Scotland and Philip II, 1580-1598: politics,religion, diplomancy and lobbying.

Scotland and Philip II, 1580-1598: politics,religion, diplomancy and lobbying.

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Edinburgh Research Archive