This work is devoted to experimental study of the peculiarities of ultrasound wave propagation in magnetorheological fluid (MRF) with complex disperse phase under evaluation of changing of ultrasonic waves (UW) velocity in MRF on the base of water, oxide powder and carbonyl iron particles vs. intensity of applied magnetic field have been obtained. It was found that in the result of magnetic field separation the oxide layer thickness of MRF is increasing with the field value and can be determined by 2-3 µm and lesser

A. Baev

A. Bubulis

E. Korobko

E. Novik

V. Kuzmin

Z. Novikova

English

Vibroengineering PROCEDIA

 326 © JVE INTERNATIONAL LTD. VIBROENGINEERING PROCEDIA. OCT 2015, VOLUME 6. ISSN 2345-0533  
The peculiarities of ultrasound wave propagation in 
magnetorheological fluid with complex dispersive phase 
E. Korobko1, A. Baev2, A. Bubulis3, V. Kuzmin4, Z. Novikova5, E. Novik6 
1, 2, 4, 5, 6Luikov A. V. Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,  
15 P. Brovki st., Minsk, 220072, Belarus 
3Kaunas University of Technology, Kęstučio 27, LT-44312, Kaunas, Lithuania 
1Corresponding author 
E-mail: 1evkorobko@gmail.com, 2baev@iaph.bas-net.by, 3algimantas.bubulis@ktu.lt, 4kuzminva@tut.by, 
5eva@itmo.by, 6barabashka.26@mail.ru 
(Accepted 21 September 2015) 
Abstract. This work is devoted to experimental study of the peculiarities of ultrasound wave 
propagation in magnetorheological fluid (MRF) with complex disperse phase under evaluation of 
changing of ultrasonic waves (UW) velocity in MRF on the base of water, oxide powder and 
carbonyl iron particles vs. intensity of applied magnetic field have been obtained. It was found 
that in the result of magnetic field separation the oxide layer thickness of MRF is increasing with 
the field value and can be determined by 2-3 µm and lesser. 
Keywords: acoustical properties, ultrasonic waves, amplitude, phase shift, probe, 
magnetorheological fluid. 
1. Introduction 
Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) belong to class of fluids which structure evolution is 
developing when magnetic field applied. Changing of its properties is caused by efficiency of 
magnetic particles polarization, determined by shear conditions, field intensity ܪഥ and its direction, 
structural and physicochemical characteristics of dispersed phase, volume concentration of 
magnetic particles ݍ௠, fluids base, stabilization components, as it was founded for the similar 
electrorheological fluids [1] and in magnetorheological fluids with simple dispersive phase [2]. 
Diagnostic and determination of the peculiarities of ultrasound wave propagation in 
magnetorheological fluids (MRF) with complex disperse phase in applied field is of great interest: 
(a) to get additive information as about magnetic particle interaction and their interaction at the 
boundary solid-MRF when structure processes take place and (b) to control properties of such 
fluids during its preparing and using in apparatus and technology processes.  
Analysis of up-today methods of the different fluids properties evaluation shows that 
acoustical properties (ultrasonic velocity ܥ and attenuation coefficient ߜ) are very sensitive to 
structure parameters changing. There are a lot of works devoted to theoretical and experimental 
study of acoustical properties of magnetic fluids (MF) [3-6], in which acoustical anisotropy has 
been found. Formally, this class of colloidal solutions is more close to class of MRFs. But sizes 
of ݀௜ and magnetic moments ഥ݉ ௜ of particles in stable colloidal solutions MF subjected to magnetic 
field much less than in rheological fluids. But some of MFs have low aggregation and 
sedimentation stability depending on the way of their preparing and conditions of using. As 
theoretical analysis show there are different mechanisms of ultrasonic wave (UW) interaction with 
structure which cause dynamic and dissipative processes and changing in ultrasonic velocity ܥ 
and attenuation coefficient ߜ  under applied field. These mechanisms are of non-Knezer or 
(non-local) nature and include: thermal and viscous effects, Raleigh scattering, magnetodifussion, 
magnetocaloric, magnetostatic, magnetostriction processes and et al. It should be noted that the 
theories describing action of magnetic field on mechanism of UW interaction with structure in 
colloidal MFs are not well developed and there are no enough reliable experimental data on this 
problem. So the structure of MRF and MF systems (particle’s sizes and its form), way of 
stabilization are different. The former theories were created only for diluted dispersive mediums 
and did not take into account very important processes of the magnetic particles formation in the 
THE PECULIARITIES OF ULTRASOUND WAVE PROPAGATION IN MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID WITH COMPLEX DISPERSIVE PHASE.  
E. KOROBKO, A. BAEV, A. BUBULIS, V. KUZMIN, Z. NOVIKOVA, E. NOVIK 
 © JVE INTERNATIONAL LTD. VIBROENGINEERING PROCEDIA. OCT 2015, VOLUME 6. ISSN 2345-0533 327 
fluid volume and interaction of particles and its aggregates at the boundary. As for known 
experimentally obtained data of acoustical properties, we can conclude that a lot of them have 
been obtained for fluids with simple solid phase in conditions when the form-factor of the fluid’s 
volume in acoustical cell, spectral characteristic of the acoustical pulse, information about the way 
of the fluid preparing and its stability, have not been done.  
This work is devoted to experimental study of acoustical properties of magnetorheological 
fluids with complex dispersive phase subjected to homogeneous magnetic field of different 
magnitude.  
2. Experimental technique 
The scheme of experimental equipment to study peculiarities of ultrasound wave 
propagation in magnetorheological fluid with complex disperse phase is illustrated by Fig. 1. It 
consist of acoustical sell 1 with the probe 2 installed and electronic system in which are: radiator 
of electrical pulses 3 and its receiver 4, oscilloscope 5 and device with electrical delay line to 
measure time and phase shift and to control generator and oscilloscope. The source of 
inhomogeneous magnetic field is set on platform to move along the probe’ acoustical. Ultrasonic 
generator radiates pulses with number of 7-8 and is receiving by amplifier block of device UD2-12 
and then (non-detected) goes to oscilloscope.  
 
Fig. 1. Scheme of equipment to study acoustical properties of MRF in applied magnetic field on the 
boundary between layers of oxide and magnetic particles: 1 – acoustical sell, 2 – МRF, 3 – oxide layer;  
4 – probe working in echo regime, 5 – electronic measuring complex, 6 – magnetic field source, 7 – base 
In this experiment magnetic field of different intensity is applied on MRF and using electronic 
block to measure amplitude and time (phase) shift of reflected signal. These results and theoretical 
model [7] are used to determine the thickness of oxide layer.  
The objects of study – two samples of MRFs (MRF-1, MRF-2) with different of oxide particles 
and content of magnetic particles – by ݍ௠ ≈ 38 %. 
3. Results and discussion 
The results of the study are illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Dependences of amplitude and 
phase shift of ultrasonic waves reflected from the boundary solid (or sound line)-MRF vs. field 
intensity and its middle gradient directed along the probe acoustical axes are in Fig. 2. The former 
magnetic field parameters are to characterize the gradient of pounder motive pressure or mass 
force Ԧ݂ = ܯ∇ܪ nearly boundary sound line-MRF (Fig. 1).  
As seen from Fig. 2 dependences of the reflected signal parameters ܣ ∗= ܣ ܣ଴⁄  and ߠ vs. 
magnetic field value are increasing functions. And for ݂ = 10 MHz we can observe the more 
variations of ܣ∗ and ߠ. So we can see that magnitude of the signal amplitude in MRFs increasing 
by 3-4 time but phase shift ߠ – up to 35-65 grad.  
THE PECULIARITIES OF ULTRASOUND WAVE PROPAGATION IN MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID WITH COMPLEX DISPERSIVE PHASE.  
E. KOROBKO, A. BAEV, A. BUBULIS, V. KUZMIN, Z. NOVIKOVA, E. NOVIK 
328 © JVE INTERNATIONAL LTD. VIBROENGINEERING PROCEDIA. OCT 2015, VOLUME 6. ISSN 2345-0533  
a) 
 
b) 
Fig. 2. a) Dependences of amplitude and b) angular shift of the signal reflected from the boundary 
oxcide-magnetic particles layers in MRF vs. magnetic field; 1, 2 – MRF-1; 3, 4 – MRF-2;  
݂ = 10 MHz (1, 3), 7, 9 MHz (2, 4) 
 
Fig. 3. Dependence of the evaluated oxide layer thickness in MRF vs. magnitude of magnetic field:  
1 – MRF-1, 2, 3 – MRF-2; 3 – step changing of magnetic field 
Fig. 3 illustrates dependences of the evaluated oxide layer thickness ℎ  vs. magnitude of 
magnetic field acted on MRF. As it follows from experimental data action of inhomogeneous 
magnetic field creates conditions for increasing of the thickness of the oxide-magnetic particles 
layers in MRF. This phenomena is explained by the effect of magnetic separation [8]. 
As it was shown changing of the thickness of oxide layer increase up to 16 μm for fluid MRF-2. 
4. Conclusions 
Experimental study of inhomogeneous magnetic field action on the oxide layer thickness of 
MRF has been done. Acoustical impedance method was used at ultrasonic wave frequencies 7, 9 
and 10 MHz. It was firstly discovered that amplitude ܣ and angular phase shift ߠ of ultrasonic 
wave impulse reflected from boundary of oxide and magnetic particles layers in MRF are 
increasing function vs. magnetic field value. So, ܣ to be increased up to by 3-4 time, and angular 
phase shift ߠ – up to 35-65°. There are shown that in the result of magnetic field separation the 
oxide layer thickness of MRF is increasing with the field value and can be determined by 2-3 µm 
and lesser. The obtained results are of interest to control parameters of the oxide layer in MRF 
polishing technology of solids.  
THE PECULIARITIES OF ULTRASOUND WAVE PROPAGATION IN MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID WITH COMPLEX DISPERSIVE PHASE.  
E. KOROBKO, A. BAEV, A. BUBULIS, V. KUZMIN, Z. NOVIKOVA, E. NOVIK 
 © JVE INTERNATIONAL LTD. VIBROENGINEERING PROCEDIA. OCT 2015, VOLUME 6. ISSN 2345-0533 329 
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The peculiarities of ultrasound wave propagation in magnetorheological fluid with complex dispersive phase

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