The purpose of this presentation is to increase the awareness of lower leg compartment syndrome for healthcare practitioners and the general public. The two different types of compartment syndrome are acute and chronic compartment syndrome. The prevalence of chronic compartment syndrome is most common throughout the active population, yet it is important to note that acute compartment syndrome can become life threatening if misdiagnosed. Therefore, this presentation will discuss the challenges of clinically evaluating and diagnosing compartment syndrome. This presentation will include a discussion of the etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, treatment, rehabilitation and unique components of chronic compartment syndrome. A thorough understanding, combined with the early recognition and proper care may reduce the severity of compartment syndrome and aid in the return to functional activity