Heiselberg, Per Kvols

Jensen, Rasmus Lund

Loukou, Evangelia

English

The purpose of this report is to register the operation and performance of the project building Bolig 2020 for the period of 3 months from September to November. The building is located in Kildebjerg Søvej 32, Ry.The aim is the long-term assessment of the indoor environmental quality and energy use of the dwelling. Additionally, the data is examined in order to verify that the systems’ and equipment’s performance matches their intended operation.The evaluation of the performance of Bolig 2020 case study is based on a combination of standards and measured data

    Aalborg UniversitetBolig 2020 med godt indeklima og høj brugerkomfort – Målerapport 5Loukou, Evangelia; Heiselberg, Per Kvols; Jensen, Rasmus LundCreative Commons LicenseUnspecifiedPublication date:2018Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink to publication from Aalborg UniversityCitation for published version (APA):Loukou, E., Heiselberg, P. K., & Jensen, R. L. (2018). Bolig 2020 med godt indeklima og høj brugerkomfort –Målerapport 5. Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University. DCE Technical Reports No. 259General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ?Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau.dk providing details, and we will remove access tothe work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: November 24, 2020ISSN 1901-726X DCE Technical Report No. 259             Bolig 2020 med godt indeklima og høj brugerkomfort – Målerapport 5   Evangelia Loukou Per Kvols Heiselberg Rasmus Lund Jensen DCE Technical Report No. 259      Bolig 2020 med godt indeklima of høj brugerkomfort – Målerapport 5   by   Evangelia Loukou Per Kvols Heiselberg Rasmus Lund JensenDecember 2018          © Aalborg University         Aalborg University Department of Civil Engineering Architectural Engineering      Scientific Publications at the Department of Civil Engineering  Technical Reports are published for timely dissemination of research results and scientific work carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering (DCE) at Aalborg University. This medium allows publication of more detailed explanations and results than typically allowed in scientific journals.  Technical Memoranda are produced to enable the preliminary dissemination of scientific work by the personnel of the DCE where such release is deemed to be appropriate. Documents of this kind may be incomplete or temporary versions of papers—or part of continuing work. This should be kept in mind when references are given to publications of this kind.  Contract Reports are produced to report scientific work carried out under contract. Publications of this kind contain confidential matter and are reserved for the sponsors and the DCE. Therefore, Contract Reports are generally not available for public circulation.  Lecture Notes contain material produced by the lecturers at the DCE for educational purposes. This may be scientific notes, lecture books, example problems or manuals for laboratory work, or computer programs developed at the DCE.  Theses are monograms or collections of papers published to report the scientific work carried out at the DCE to obtain a degree as either PhD or Doctor of Technology. The thesis is publicly available after the defence of the degree.  Latest News is published to enable rapid communication of information about scientific work carried out at the DCE. This includes the status of research projects, developments in the laboratories, information about collaborative work and recent research results.  Published 2018 by Aalborg University Department of Civil Engineering Thomas Manns Vej 23 DK-9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark  Printed in Aalborg at Aalborg University  ISSN 1901-726X DCE Technical Report No. 259  1. Introduction  The purpose of this report is to register the operation and performance of the project building Bolig 2020 for the period of 3 months from September to November. The building is located in Kildebjerg Søvej 32, Ry.   The aim is the long-term assessment of the indoor environmental quality and energy use of the dwelling. Additionally, the data is examined in order to verify that the systems’ and equipment’s performance matches their intended operation.  The evaluation of the performance of Bolig 2020 case study is based on a combination of standards and measured data.  The data registration is taking place every 5 minutes, approximately, in all rooms of the dwelling. The registered parameters are the following:  Parameters Comments Cold water consumption [m3] Total amount of water consumption for cold and hot water Hot water consumption [m3]  Energy consumption: District heating [MWh]  Floor heating pump [kWh]  Nilan system [kWh] Energy consumption for ventilation and production of sanitary hot water Control system [kWh]  Kitchen stove [kWh] Energy consumption for the operation of 2 ovens  and the cooking plate Refrigerator [kWh] Energy consumption for the refrigerator, wine cooler and exhaust hood Quooker [kWh]  Dish washer [kWh]  Dryer [kWh]  Washing machine [kWh]  Other consumption [kWh] Includes everything else  Temperature [oC], CO2 level [ppm], Relative humidity level [%] and Damper opening [min/ max]: Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Master Bedroom Living Room Kitchen/ Dining Room  Temperature [oC], Relative humidity level [%] and Damper opening [min/ max]: Utility Room Bathroom 1 (Master Bedroom) Bathroom 2 (Corridor)  Temperature [oC] and Damper opening [min/ max]: Wardrobe closet  For the compact unit: Outdoor air temperature [oC] Return air temperature [oC] and relative humidity [%] Hot water temperature [oC] Supply air temperature [oC] Heat pump temperature [oC] Ventilation speed [steps]  In the end of November, more parameters’ registration was activated. These are the following:  External solar shading, skylight and window activation [0/1] (Automatically & Manually): Solar shading 1: Master Bedroom – East Solar shading 2: Master Bedroom – South Solar shading 3: Living Room – South Solar shading 4: Living Room – West Skylight 1: Corridor Skylight 2: Kitchen Window: Room 1 Window: Room 3 Window: Kitchen/ Dining Room Window: Living Room Window: Master Bedroom  Floor heating actuators for each room [0/1]: Living Room Master Bedroom Wardrobe closet Bathroom 1 (Master Bedroom) Kitchen/ Dining Room Corridor Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Bathroom 2 (Corridor) Utility Room  Supply and return air: Flow [m3/h] Temperature [oC]  Water consumption: Energy consumption for hot water production [kWh] Hot water flow [l/h] Hot water temperature (T1) [oC] Cold water temperature (T2) [oC]  This report includes the registered period between the beginnings of September to the end of November. The data is presented both on a monthly level and for the entire period of the 3 months. The indoor environment evaluation is realized on a room basis, while the examined rooms are the most used ones, master bedroom, living room, kitchen and bathroom.  Each chapter addresses one of the examined parameters, including graphs for each examined month, as well as for the entire period (September, October and November). In the Annex are included more relevant graphs which are not in the report.  On the 26th of October, there are some missing information; the data registration starts at 17:10. The percentage of time in each category has been calculated ignoring the missing values. The graphs presented in the Annex are also missing the values for that part of the day, so the existing data is connected with a straight line.  2. Energy Consumption  2.1 Energy consumption for ventilation and DHW  Figure 1: Energy consumption for ventilation and domestic hot water [kWh/m2]  The sanitary hot water is produced by the compact ventilation system through the recovered energy from the exhaust air. If the demand is particularly large, an electrical backup supplements the production of hot water.  2.2 Energy consumption for heating  Figure 2: Energy consumption for heating [kWh]   Figure 3: Energy consumption for heating [kWh/m2]  Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the energy consumption for heating, given in [kWh] and [kWh/m2], respectively. The values are taken from the data registered for “District Heating”.   2.3 Electricity consumption                     Figure 4: Consumption of electricity during 3 months period time (September, October, November) [kWh]  The energy consumption of white goods includes the kitchen stove, the refrigerator, the Quooker (for production of boiling water), the dishwasher, the dryer and the washing machine. The second column refers to the control of all systems, sensors etc., while the third column includes all the rest.   Figure 5: Consumption of electricity of white goods, on room level during 3 months period time (September, October, November) [kWh]  Figure 5 gives the energy consumption for all registered appliances divided in room level.   2.4 Water consumption   Figure 6: Water consumption [m3]  In Figure 6 is presented the total water consumption for both cold and hot water. Due to changes in the data registration, the hot water consumption is unknown. 3. Indoor Environment  For the indoor environmental quality is evaluated the thermal and atmospheric indoor climate. More specifically, the examined parameters are the room temperature [oC], CO2 level [ppm] and relative humidity level [%]. The rooms are examined on a daily level (24 hours), as well as for their expected occupied period. The time from 7:00 to 17:00 is counted as unoccupied, taking into consideration that the occupants are away from home during this period. The following table sums up the corresponding periods for each type of room.   Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Living Room 24 h Day: 17 - 23 Kitchen 24 h Day: 17 - 23 Master bedroom 24 h Night: 23 - 7  3.1 Thermal indoor environment  The thermal criteria are assessed according to the comfort categories given by the standards DS/EN 15251. The following table shows the temperature ranges for the three categories, assuming an activity level of 1.2 met (sedentary activity). September and October are calculated for the summer comfort range, while for November are assumed winter conditions.  Activity level [met] 1.2 Category I II III Operative temperature [oC] Summer 24.5 ± 1.0 24.5 ± 1.5 24.5 ± 2.5 Winter 22.0 ± 1.0 22.0 ± 2.0 22.0 ± 3.0  The recommended criteria for acceptable deviations for the thermal environment, for Category II, are presented in the following table.    Max. deviation  Criteria Monthly Yearly General Assessment Class II 3 & 5 % 3 & 5 % Overheating 25 oC 10 % 10 %  27 oC - 100 h  28 oC - 25 h Under heating 20 oC - 100 h  19 oC - 25 h  The distribution of hours in each of the three categories is given in percentages, in form of bar charts, specifying whether the room temperature lies on the low or high part of the scale, for summer and winter period, respectively.    IV- III- II- I II+ III+ IV+ t < 22 22 ≤ t < 23 23 ≤ t < 23.5 23.5 ≤ t ≤ 25.5 25.5 < t ≤ 26 26 < t ≤ 27 27 < t t < 19 19 ≤ t < 20 20 ≤ t < 21 21 ≤ t ≤ 23 23 < t ≤ 24 24 < t ≤ 25 25 < t   3.1.1 September  Figure 7: Percentage of time in each Category for tempeature during September   3.1.2 October  Figure 8: Percentage of time in each Category for tempeature during October   3.1.3 November  Figure 9: Percentage of time in each Category for tempeature during November   3.1.4 Entire period (September, October, November)  Figure 10: Percentage of time in each Category for tempeature during 3 months period time (September, October, November)   3.1.5 Thermal comfort and window activation  The following graphs are presenting the last days of November (22nd to 30th), when window activation is being registered. The graphs are on room level and they show if thermal comfort is achieved, in relation to window opening. It is considered that comfort conditions are met when the criteria for Category II are fulfilled. The activation of windows can be realized either automatically or manually. For the kitchen/ dining room, the skylight is also taken into consideration, apart from the window.  Figure 11: Thermal comfort in relation to window opening – Master bedroom (22 – 30 November)   Figure 12: Thermal comfort in relation to window opening – Living room (22 – 30 November)   Figure 13: Thermal comfort in relation to window opening – Kitchen/ Dining room (22 – 30 November)   3.2 Atmospheric indoor environment The indoor air quality is also assessed based on the comfort categories suggested by the standards DS/EN 15251. On the following tables are given the acceptable ranges for CO2 level and relative humidity, respectively.   Category Corresponding CO2 above outdoors level [ppm] I 350 II 500 III 800 IV > 800  Category Design relative humidity for dehumidification [%] Design relative humidity for humidification [%] I 50 30 II 60 25 III 70 20 IV >70 <20  The outdoor CO2 level is taken as a standard value of 400 ppm and not as the minimum registered value by the sensors in each room. This was decided based on the observation that occasionally some of the sensors would register some unrealistically small values. Actions have been taken in order to verify the proper operation of the sensors and eventually to calibrate or replace them. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that there is some uncertainty concerning the presented results for the CO2 level.   Next table shows the recommended criteria for acceptable deviations for the atmospheric environment, for Category II.    Max. deviation  Criteria Monthly CO2 Category II 3 & 5 %  Category II 8 h in a row Relative Humidity Category II 3 & 5 %  Category II 24 h in a row  RH< 45% -  RH> 75% 1%  3.2.1 September  Figure 14: Percentage of time in each Category for CO2 level during September   Figure 15: Percentage of time in each Category for relative humidity during September  3.2.2 October  Figure 16: Percentage of time in each Category for CO2 level during October    Figure 17: Percentage of time in each Category for relative humidity during October   3.2.3 November  Figure 18: Percentage of time in each Category for CO2 level during November    Figure 19: Percentage of time in each Category for relative humidity during November   3.2.4 Entire period (September, October, November)  Figure 20: Percentage of time in each Category for CO2 level during 3 months period time (September, October, November)    Figure 21: Percentage of time in each Category for relative humidity during 3 months period time (September, October, November)  3.2.5 Indoor air quality and window activation The following graphs visualize the quality of indoor air, in relation to window opening. Like thermal comfort, it is considered that the conditions for good indoor air quality are met when the criteria for Category II are fulfilled. However, only relative humidity level is taken into account. The activation of windows can be realized either automatically or manually. For the kitchen/ dining room, the opening of the skylight is also taken into consideration, apart from the window.  Figure 22: Indoor air quality in relation to window opening – Master bedroom (22 – 30 November)   Figure 23: Indoor air quality in relation to window opening – Living room (22 – 30 November)  Figure 24: Indoor air quality in relation to window opening – Kitchen/ Dining room (22 – 30 November)    4. Ventilation Air Flow Rate  The following graphs describe the ventilation airflow rate during the month of November.  Figure 24: Inlet and outlet air temperature (November)  Figure 25: Inlet air flow rate (November)  Figure 26: Difference between the inlet and outlet air flow rate (November)  5. Difference between building sensors and IC-meters  During the data analysis, it was observed a deviation of the registered values from what it would be expected. For this reason, additional sensors (IC-meters) were installed right beside the building sensors, in order to verify the accuracy of the data. The following graphs present the difference between the two recordings. Additionally, thermal and atmospheric comfort is recalculated using the values from the IC-meters, in order to visualize the sensors’ impact on the comfort categories. The graphs are given for November, as a representative month.  The examined rooms are the living room and kitchen. The recordings for the master bedroom were not complete for an entire month, and so they are not presented.   5.1 Thermal indoor environment   Figure 27: Percentage of time in each Category for tempeature, during November. Difference between sensors.   Figure 28: Registered temperature by different sensors during November 5.2 Atmospheric indoor environment    Figure 29: Percentage of time in each Category for CO2 level, during November. Difference between sensors.  Figure 30: Percentage of time in each Category for relative humidity, during November. Difference between sensors.   Figure 31: Registered CO2 level by different sensors during November  Figure 32: Registered relative humidity by different sensors during November  6. Annex  6.1 September  Figure 33: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of September – Master Bedroom  Figure 34: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of September – Living Room  Figure 35: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of September – Kitchen/ Dining Room  Figure 36: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of September – Bathroom 1 6.2 October  Figure 37: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of October – Master Bedroom  Figure 38: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of October – Living Room  Figure 39: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of October – Kitchen/ Dining Room  Figure 40: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of October – Bathroom 1 6.3 November  Figure 41: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of November – Master Bedroom  Figure 42: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of November – Living Room  Figure 43: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of November – Kitchen/ Dining Room  Figure 44: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the month of November – Bathroom 1 6.4 Entire period (September, October, November)  Figure 45: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the 3 months period (September, October, November) – Master Bedroom  Figure 46: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the 3 months period (September, October, November) – Living Room  Figure 47: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the 3 months period (September, October, November) – Kitchen/ Dining Room  Figure 48: Graphs for temperature, CO2 level and relative humidity during the 3 months period (September, October, November) – Bathroom 1      Recent publications in the DCE Technical Report Series   ISSN 1901-726X DCE Technical Report No. 259 

Bolig 2020 med godt indeklima og høj brugerkomfort – Målerapport 5

https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/293053677/Bolig_2020_med_godt_indeklima_og_h_j_brugerkomfort_M_lerapport_5.pdf

Bolig 2020 med godt indeklima og høj brugerkomfort – Målerapport 5

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

VBN