Our knowledge of the endocrine functions of the
pituitary gland is comparatively recent* Text-books of
physiology published in the late 19th century (e.g*
Michael Post Text-Book of Physiology, 1891 edition) gave
a good histological description of the gland, emphasised
its ductless nature, but could attribute no definite
function to it.
The first evidence suggesting any function for the
ft
pituitary body was presented by Oliver and 0chafer in
1895* They observed that extracts from the whole pit¬
uitary gland had a pressor activity when injected intra¬
venously into the anaesthetised dog.
Howell (1898) showed that the substance responsible
for this pressor action of pituitary extracts was
obtainable only from one part of the organ, and rather
surprisingly, only from its posterior, neural lobe. At
the time this appeared to be quite an anomalous finding,
as the main glandular structures were known to be localised
to the anterior lobe of the pituitary
