Pre-industrial society and economy with particular reference to Scotland

Abstract

This thesis comprises one book and 36 articles and chapters on the theme of pre-industrial economic and social patterns in Britain, which have been published over a period of fourteen years. The articles are presented in chronological order to demonstrate the way in which the author's ideas have developed through time. The research focuses on Scotland between the sixteenth and the late eighteenth centuries. One of the most important themes concerns the nature of Scottish agriculture in the early modern period, its technology and practices, its regional variations and the chronology of agrarian change and improvement. Other topics include rural settlement patterns, rural housing and the structure of rural society, patterns of debt and credit, landownership and estate management, land tenure and the condition of tenant farmers, marketing and trading, the effects of climatic change on agriculture, migration and population mobility, urbanization, urban occupational and social structures, and protoindustrialization.An important element of the study is the evaluation of a range of historical sources, including estate papers, commissary court testaments, and records relating to migration which have so far received little attention, in a Scottish context, from social and economic historians. In several of the articles the author's training, as a geographer, in techniques of statistical analysis has been used to develop new ways of exploring historical data and to frame new hypotheses relating to economic and social patterns. The thesis also includes review articles relating to Scottish historical geography, Scottish rural settlement and the contributions of historical geographers to medieval studies within Britain.Taken together this material represents a significant contribution to scholarship relating to early -modern Scotland. A recurring theme throughout the thesis is the way in which detailed research by the author has demonstrated that the society and economy of Scotland between the sixteenth and the late eighteenth centuries was more complex, more developed, more varied regionally and less primitive than has been accepted in the past. The results of the research highlight many of the ways in which Scotland developed between the Reformation and the Industrial Revolution.VOLUME I. • 1976 Rural housing in Lowland Scotland in the seventeenth century: the evidence of estate papers. Scottish Studies, 19, 55-68. 1977 Grain production in East Lothian in the seventeenth century. Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian Society, 15, 39-47. 1978 Scottish historical geography: a review. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 94, 4-24. 1978 Was there a Scottish Agricultural Revolution? Area, 10, 203-5. 1979 Written leases and their impact on Scottish agriculture in the seventeenth century. Agricultural History Review, 27, 1-9. 1979 The evolution of rural housing in Scotland in a West European context. In P. Flatres (ed.) Paysages ruraux Europeens. Rennes. 51-68. 1979 The growth of periodic market centres in Scotland 1600-1707. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 95, 13-26. 1979 Infield-outfield farming on a seventeenth - century Scottish estate. Journal of Historical Geography, 5, 391-402. 1979 The East Lothian grain trade 1660-1707. Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian Society, 16, 15-25. 1980 The emergence of the new estate structure. In M.L. Parry & T.R. Slater (eds.) The making of the Scottish countryside. Groom Helm, London, 117-36. 1981 Sources for Scottish historical geography: an introductory guide. Historical Geography Research Series, Geo Books, Norwich. 48pp. 1981 The evolution of rural settlement in Lowland Scotland in medieval and early- modern times: an exploration. Scottish Geograpical Magazine, 97, 4-15. 1981 George Dundas of Dundas: the context of an early eighteenth century Scottish improving landowner. Scottish Historical Review. 60, 1-13. 1981 The historical geography of rural settlement in Scotland: a review. Research papers series, Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh. 62pp. 1981 Human responses to short- and long-term climatic fluctuations: the example of early- modern Scotland. In M.L. Parry & C. Delano -Smith (eds.) Consequences of climatic change. University of Nottingham. 17-29, 1983 Some aspects of the structure of rural society in seventeenth -century Lowland Scotland, In T.M. Devine & D, Dickson (eds.) Ireland and Scotland 1600-1850. Edinburgh, John Donald, 32-46. (With K.A. Whyte) . 1983 Regional and local variations in seventeenth-century Scottish farming: a preliminary survey of the evidence of Commissary Court testaments. Manchester Geographer, 3, 49-59. (With K.A. Whyte). 1983 Early- modern Scotland: continuity and change. In G. Whittington & I.D. Whyte (eds.) An Historical Geography of Scotland. London, Academic Press, 119-40. 1983 Scottish rural communities in the seventeenth century. Local Historian, 15, 456-63. (With K.A. Whyte).VOLUME II. • 1984 Continuity and change in a seventeenth -century Scottish farming community. Agricultural History Review, 32, 159-69. (With K.A. Whyte). 1984 Geographical mobility in a seventeenth- century Scottish rural community. Local Population Studies 32, 45-53. (With K.A. Whyte). 1985 Shielings and the upland pastoral economy of the Lake District in medieval and early- modern times. In J.R. Baldwin & I.D. Whyte (Eds.) The Scandinavians in Cumbria. Scottish Society for Northern Studies, Edinburgh, 103-18. 1985 Poisson regression analysis and migration fields: the example of the apprenticeship records of Edinburgh in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 10, 317-32. (With A.A. Lovett & K.A. Whyte.) 1986 Agriculture in Aberdeenshire in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries: continuity and change. In D. Stevenson (ed.) From lairds to loons: county and burgh life in Aberdeen 1600-1800. Aberdeen University Press, 10-31, 1986 Commissary Court testaments: a neglected source for Scottish local history. Local Historian, 17 4-10. (With K.A. Whyte.) 1987 Patterns of migration of apprentices into Aberdeen and Inverness during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 102, 81-91. (With K.A. Whyte.) 1987 The occupational structure of Scottish burghs in the late seventeenth century. In M. Lynch (ed,) The early modern town in Scotland. London, Croom Helm, 219-44. 1987 Medieval economy and society. In M. Pacione (ed.) Historical geography: progress and prospect. London. Groom Helm. 96-122. 1987 Marriage and mobility in East Lothian in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian Society, 19, 17-30. 1987 The function and social structure of Scottish burghs of barony in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Proceedings of international urban history conference, Wolfenbuttel, West Germany. 1988 Debt and credit, poverty and prosperity in a seventeenth-century Scottish rural community. In P. Roebuck & R. Mitchison (eds.) Scotland and Ireland: a comparative study of develop - ment. Edinburgh, John Donald, 70-80. (With K.A. Whyte.) 1988 The geographical mobility of women in early -modern Scotland. In L. Leneman (ed.), Perspectives in Scottish social history; essays in honour of Rosalind Mitchison. Aberdeen University Press, 83-106. (With K.A. Whyte.) 1989 Scottish society in perspective. In R.A. Houston & I.D. Whyte (eds.) Scottish society 1500-1800. Cambridge University Press, 1-36. (With R.A. Houston.) 1989 Population mobility. In R.A. Houston & I.D. Whyte (eds.) Scottish society 1500-1800. Cambridge University Press, 37-58. 1989 Urbanization in early- modern Scotland: a preliminary analysis. Scottish Journal of Economic and Social History. Forthcoming. 1989 Protoindustrialization in early-modern Scotland. In P. Hudson (ed,) Regions and Industries. Cambridge University Press, Forthcoming. • • SUBMITTED SEPARATELY: • 1979 Agriculture and rural society in seventeenth - century Scotland. Edinburgh. John Donald. 301pp