Chui, Helena

Diehl, M.

Bradford Scholars

 The University of Bradford Institutional Repository http://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk This work is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our Policy Document available from the repository home page for further information.  Author(s): Chui, H., and Diehl, M. Title: Self-Esteem Buffers the Effect of Physical Symptoms on Negative Affect Less in Older Adults Publication year: 2014 Conference title: GSA [Gerontological Society of America] Annual Scientific Meeting, November 5-9, 2014, Washington D.C. Citation: Chui, H. and Diehl, M. (2014). Self-Esteem Buffers the Effect of Physical Symptoms on Negative Affect Less in Older Adults. Paper presented at the GSA [Gerontological Society of America] Annual Scientific Meeting, November 5-9, 2014, Washington D.C. Copyright statement: © 2014 The Authors. Reproduced by permission from the copyright holder.  Self-Esteem Buffers the Effect of Physical Symptoms on Negative Affect Less in Older Adults  Helena Chui1 and Manfred Diehl2 21 April, 2015 1 2 1 Risk and Resilience in Daily Stress • Although daily hassles tend to be less dramatic than major life events or chronic stressors, daily stressors can pile up within and across days, and can turn into chronic stressors if no resolution is found (Diehl & Hay, 2010).  • Both risk and resilience factors play a role in everyday emotional well-being.   • However, the effects of risk and resilience factors on everyday emotional well-being may change with age (Davis, Zautra, Johnson, Murray, & Okvat, 2007).  21 April, 2015 2 Risk and Resilience in Daily Stress • Negative age-related changes increase with age, e.g. poorer physical health and social losses, but studies have shown that for the large majority of older people, subjective well-being does not decrease until very late life (Staudinger, 2000).  • What is the different mechanisms at work which buffer the impact of increasing challenges in old age? (Greve, 2006) 21 April, 2015 3 Present study • The present study focused on physical symptoms as a risk factor and self-esteem as a resilience factor, and examined their effects on daily affect in a lifespan sample ranging from young to older adults.     21 April, 2015 4 Research questions • Does the effect of self-esteem on the association between physical symptoms and daily affect change with age?    21 April, 2015 5 Method • Participants – n = 128 – M age = 56.7 years (SD = 18.7, range = 24.2-90.2) – 46% women  – 91% European Americans, 9% African Americans  21 April, 2015 6 Method • 7-day daily diary study with one assessment per day  • Measures 1. Daily affect – Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, et al., 1988).  – Across individuals and days • PA, M = 31.92, SD = 8.14, range = 10-50;  • NA, M = 13.70, SD = 4.73, range = 10-37  2. Physical symptoms – 11 symptoms, e.g. headache (1=none; 4=most) – Across individuals and days • M = 14.21, SD = 3.48, range = 11-38  21 April, 2015 7 Method 3. Self-esteem – Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) – 10 items (1 = Strongly agree; 4 = Strongly disagree; later recoded) – Across individuals and days • M = 24.51, SD = 5.05, range = 0-30  4. Control variables: Self-rated health, depressive symptoms, neuroticism  21 April, 2015 8 Method • Multilevel modeling • Level 1   • Level 2       21 April, 2015 9 0 00 01 10 12 20 23 30 3i ii ii ii irrrr        0 1 2 3ti i i ti i ti i ti ti tiPA PS SES PS SES e         Method • Within-person centered: Physical symptoms, self-esteem • Grand-mean centered: Age, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, neuroticism  21 April, 2015 10 Results • Positive affect  21 April, 2015 11 -2 -1 0 1 21015202530353-Way Interaction Plot For Young AdultsPhysical symptomsPositive affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteem-2 -1 0 1 21015202530353-Way Interaction Plot For Middle-Aged AdultsPhysical symptomsPositive affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteem-2 -1 0 1 21015202530353-Way Interaction Plot For Older AdultsPhysical symptomsPositive affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteemResults • Positive affect 21 April, 2015 12 -2 -1 0 1 21015202530352-Way Interaction PlotPhysical symptomsPositive affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteem-2 -1 0 1 21015202530352-Way Interaction PlotPhysical symptomsPositive affectYAMAOA-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 31015202530352-Way Interaction PlotSelf-esteemPositive affectYAMAOAResults • Negative affect 21 April, 2015 13 -2 -1 0 1 210121416183-Way Interaction Plot For Young AdultsPhysical symptomsNegative affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteem-2 -1 0 1 210121416183-Way Interaction Plot For Middle-Aged AdultsPhysical symptomsNegative affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteem-2 -1 0 1 210121416183-Way Interaction Plot For Older AdultsPhysical symptomsNegative affect+1SD Self-esteem-1SD Self-esteemConclusion • Across age groups, self-esteem is a resilient factor for PA, i.e. higher self-esteem, higher PA, regardless of the level of physical symptoms.  • With increasing age, the buffering effect of self-esteem on the association between NA and physical symptoms decreased.   • Results suggests that there is no universal generalization that can be made regarding whether chronological age, in and of itself, confers greater vulnerability or resilience on adults (Diehl et al., 2012).        21 April, 2015 14 Q & A  • Thank you very much! 21 April, 2015 15  21 April, 2015 16  21 April, 2015 17 

Self-Esteem Buffers the Effect of Physical Symptoms on Negative Affect Less in Older Adults.

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