Cittadino, A.

Eynard, R.

Fiermonte, F.

Garnero, G.

Guerreschi, P.

La Riccia, L.

Melis, G.

English

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

Improving the WALKABILITY for Next-Generation Cities and Territories, through the Reuse of Available Data ad Raster AnalysisCittadino A., Eynard E., Fiermonte F., Garnero G., Guerreschi P., La Riccia L., Melis G.  XXIV International Conference LWC 201912-13 September2019, Brescia (Italy)PEDESTRIANS, URBAN SPACESAND HEALTHhttps://elmoore.com/2015/03/30/walk-with-us-part-2-why-walkability/People / PersoneCity / CittàVivibilità della cittàSicurezzaRiduzione dell’inquinamento (dell’aria, acustico…)Mobilità dolceMobilità sostenibile Mix funzionaleDensificazione urbanaCamminare fa bene alla saluteCamminare è piacevole e socializzanteCity liveabilitySecurityReduction of pollution (air, noise…)Sustainable mobility Functional mix Urban densificationSoft mobilityWalking is good for healthWalking is pleasant and socializinghttps://purepng.com/public/uploads/large/purepng.com-city-skylinecitycitiesskylineskyscrapers-251520164457vrrnd.pngDATA & INFORMATIONS: FEED «WALKABILITY»WALKSTRIPESTRAFFICLIGHTSAIR POLLUTIONHEALTHCRIME SECURITYAESTHETICS, SMART AND BEAUTIFULQUALITY OF ROUTESSIDEWALKSTRAFFIC FATALITIESROAD SAFETYEASY TO CROSSFUN AND RELAXINGHEAT ISLANDThe footpath network - that is built from car traffic free streets, sidewalks, crossings, and subways - has a coverage that differs from the street network City levelNeighborhood levelRiconoscere le parti di città dove azioni per il miglioramento della walkability possono essere più efficaciAnalisi e valutazione della walkabilityAnalysis and evaluation of walkabilityRecognize the parts of cities where actions to improve walkability can be more effectiveLivello «quartiere» Livello «città»Le analisi della walkability presenti in letteraturaCriticità* spesso non fanno uso di grafi specifici relativi alla mobilità a piedi (perché non esistono grafi dei percorsi pedonali)Analysis of “walkability” in literatureCritical issues* (often) they do not use specific «graphs» related to mobility on foot(because there are no pedestrian path graphs) * (often) they involve field analysis (very expensive) and therefore on small portions of territory* spesso prevedono analisi sul campo (molto onerose) quindi su porzioni ridotte di territorioITDP, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (2018) - New York www.itdp.orgLivelli di analisi/intervento1 - livello città / area metropolitana: riconoscere le parti di città dove azioni per il miglioramento della walkability sono più efficaciLivello neighborhood: analisi e valutazione della walkabilityLivello singola strada: checklist per la progettazioneCity and/or metropolitan area: recognizing parts where actions to improve walkability are most effectiveNeighborhood level: walkability analysis and evaluationSingle street level: design checklistLevels of analysis“Walkability Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid”: 6 general and compact criteria in 3 macro indexes: feasibility, safety and confort / pleasureXXIV International Conference LWC 201912-13 September2019, Brescia (Italy)PEDESTRIANS, URBAN SPACESAND HEALTHNeighborhood levelArcGIS vs QGIS: proprietary vs free softwareThe «raster analysis»: some definitionsA cost raster (local cost) is a raster object with cell values that represent a price per distance unit; for example, monetary expenditure per meter, fuel usage per mile, traversal time per mile, and so forth.A cost distance calculates the least accumulative cost distance for each cell from or to the least-cost source over a cost surface. Cost Distance explores the movement of a travelerover a landscape. The cost distance tools are generally used to create the least-cost path or corridor between a source and a destination.The Kernel Density tool calculates the density of features in a neighborhood around those features. It can be calculated for both point and line features.This image from (*) (*) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267864236_An_Overview_of_Selected_GIS_Methods_Available_for_Use_in_Glacial_ArchaeologyA (network) service area is a region that encompasses all accessible streets (within a specified impedance). For instance, the 5-minute service area for a point on a network includes all the streets that can be reached within five minutes (from that point). Costruzione del «COST RASTER»Altri datasets utilizzati?CriteriDataset disponibiliIndicatoriIndiciBuilding the «COST RASTER»Other datasets used?CriteriaDatasets availableIndicatorsIndicesBlu: Da CTC Giallo: Altri dati probabilmente reperibili in futuro Bianco: Dataset alfanumerici georeferenziati (punti)Blu: from CTCYellow: Other data  (probablyavailable in the future)White: Georeferencedalphanumeric datasets(points)Cost Raster: impedenza a percorrere la cella a piedi, completamento a 100 della somma pesata dei macro-indiciCost Raster: impedance to walk the cell on foot (completion at 100 of the weightedsum of the macro-indices)Costruzione del COST RASTERCarta Tecnica Comunale della Città di Torino (scala nominale 1:1000) Strutturata secondo le specifiche di contenuto per i DB geotopografici IntesaGISBuilding the «COST RASTER»Municipal Technical Map (CTC) of the City of Turin (nominal scale: 1: 1000). The data set is structured according to the content specifications for the IntesaGISgeotopographic DBsLo spazio urbano “camminabile” modellato attraverso un raster 1m x 1m.Ad ogni cella è attribuita una impedenza ad essere percorsa a piediArcGIS: «COST RASTER» QGIS: «LOCAL COST»The "walkable" urban space as modeled using a 1m x 1m raster data set.Each cell is given an impedance to be traveled on footTraffic light scale: redmeans high impedance, green high walkability...Raised crosswalks are safer than non raised onesBuilding the «COST RASTER» → spatialized data with kernel density estimationCostruzione del «Cost Raster» → dati puntuali spazializzati con la «kernel density estimation»Shops, Malls, Catering Stall Attività commerciali ed esercizi pubbliciCostruzione del COST RASTER 1° Macro-indice → PercorribilitàRaster calculator ->  Somma pesataRaster calculator -> Weighted sumBuilding the «COST RASTER» - 1° Macro-Index → Feasability+Costruzione del COST RASTER 2° Macro-indice → SicurezzaBuilding the «COST RASTER» - 2° Macro-Index → Safety, securityRaster calculator ->   Somma pesataRaster calculator -> Weighted sumRaster calculator ->  Somma pesataCostruzione del COST RASTER 3° Macro-indice → PiacevolezzaBuilding the «COST RASTER» - 3° Macro-Index → Comfort / pleasantnessRaster calculator → Weighted sumCOST RASTER → vista pesata della walkabilityRaster calculator → Somma pesataRaster calculator → Weighted sumCOST RASTER → Weighted View of Walkability2 cost distance6 cost distanceSomma pesata dei «cost distance»: convenienza complessiva a muoversi a piedi verso attività attrattive in un raggio di accebilità a piediWeighted sum of the cost distance: overall convenience to move on foot towards attractive activities (in a radius of acceptability on foot)ANALISI DELL’ACCESSIBILITA’ scuole 3-14 anni«COST DISTANCE» (ArcGIS)«CUMULATIVE COST» (QGIS)Distanza pesata utilizzando il COST RASTERAccessibility Analysis: schools (3-14 years old)Weighted distance using the COST RASTERAnalisi dell’accessibilità: fermate della metropolitanaAccessibility Analysis: subway stopsAnalisi dell’accessibilità complessiva ai punti di intermodalitàAnalysis of overall accessibility to intermodality pointsXXIV International Conference LWC 201912-13 September2019, Brescia (Italy)PEDESTRIANS, URBAN SPACESAND HEALTHCITY LEVELEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itObjectiveQuestionTo measure the liveability of an area in relation to the possibility for residents to reach primaryservices by foot .From my residence, what is my pedestrianaccessibility to services? Which ones can I reach in 5 minutes walking?Walk indexEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itHow was it calculated?The analysis has been carried out on the whole TurinMunicipality, primarily using the open data available on the city website Geoportale.To elaborate data we used GIS – Geographic Information System, to calculate the service areas on the street network for each one of the selected variables.Each destination has then been weighted according to the frequence of use of the service by citizens.MethodologyEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itGroceries: convenience stores, supermarkets, food shops, fruit and vegetables, bakeries, butchers, hypermarkets, delicatessens, pastry shops, soft drinks, etc.Extra food: hairdressers, bars, hardware, newspapers, tobacco, etc.Mobility: local public transport, underground, etc.Urban green: gardens and parks.Loisir: libraries, cinemas, theaters, sports facilities.Other services: primary schools, municipal and affiliated nurseries, public health care offices, hospitals, pharmacies, general practitioners, post offices, markets, churches.The selected destinationsEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itThe process to define service areas: presence of services that can be reached by walking (400m, around 5 minutes).Service area analysisEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itMaps of some of the destinationsPharmacies Markets Food shops MetroPublic Transport Sport Gardens and Parks HairdressersEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itVisualization of the results- Visualization on static maps- Visualization on InViTo- Visualization and interactive calibration of the index on InViToWalk indexEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itWalk index - visualizationwww.urbantoolbox.it/project/walkabilityEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itwww.urbantoolbox.it/project/walkabilityEnrico Eynard – enrico.eynard@siti.polito.itWalkabiliTOXXIV International Conference LWC 201912-13 September2019, Brescia (Italy)PEDESTRIANS, URBAN SPACESAND HEALTHConclusionsConclusionsCritical Issues• Indices construction and their weight• retrieval and re-use of (GIS)data, still not easy (despite the “open by default” tag)• impossibility to access some datasets through the web• insufficient meta-documentation (for data re-use)• «wave encodings» (classification inconsistencies)• missing data• unavailability of some datasets (i.e. pedestrian crossings…) or restrictiveconditions of usePerspectives• Share the "views" on walkability and discuss it, in a GIS environment, with work groups interested in mobility at the neighborhood level• Automate (parts of) procedures to use them “live” in communication and participation contexts• Perform “sensitivity tests” with respect to the various indices and weights used• Build a (comprehensive and dynamic) “scores system” in order to get a feasibility/safety/ pleasure index starting from a geographic location or a path• Create an APP that makes some "views" accessible and allows feedback from individual usersConclusioniCriticità* Costruzione degli indici ed assegnazione dei pesi* reperimento ed riuso dei dati, tuttora non facile (nonostante l’open by default)• impossibilità ad accedere ad alcuni dataset attraverso il web• metadocumentazione insufficiente (per il riutilizzo dei dati)• codifiche ondivaghe (inconsistenze di classificazione)• dati mancanti• indisponibilità di alcuni dataset (ad es. attraversamenti pedonali) o provvisti di condizioni di utilizzo «restrittive»Prospettive• Condividere  le “viste” sulla walkability e discuterne, in un ambiente GIS, con gruppi di lavoro interessati alla mobilità a livello di quartiere• Automatizzare parti delle procedure in modo da poterle utilizzare live in contesti di comunicazione e partecipazione• Effettuare test di sensitività rispetto ai diversi indici e pesi utilizzati• Costruire un "sistema di punteggi" (completo e dinamico) per ottenere un indice di fattibilità / sicurezza / piacere a partire da una posizione geografica o da un percorso• Realizzare una app che renda accessibili alcune “viste” e che permetta feed-back da parte di singoli utilizzatoriThanks from the whole«Walkability Team»Antonio Cittadino antonio.cittadino@unito.itEnrico Eynard enrico.eynard@linksfoundation.comFrancesco Fiermonte francesco.fiermonte@polito.itGabriele Garnero gabriele.garnero@unito.itPaola Guerreschi paola.guerreschi@unito.itLuigi La Riccia luigi.lariccia@polito.itGiulia Melis giulia.melis@linksfoundation.com

Improving the WALKABILITY for Next-Generation Cities and Territories, through the Reuse of Available Data ad Raster Analysis

https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1725703/1/P198.pdf

Improving the WALKABILITY for Next-Generation Cities and Territories, through the Reuse of Available Data ad Raster Analysis

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