In this thesis we consider energy transport due to turbulence in the Mega Ampere
Spherical Tokamak (MAST), using a multi-scale framework based on local δf
gyrokinetics. Transport is modelled globally by means of local flux-tube simulations
at each magnetic flux surface. In view of the evidence indicating that turbulent
ion transport can be substantially suppressed by rotation shear, our flux tubes
span only electron-gyroradius scales. This both simplifies our physics model and
reduces the computational resource requirements to a manageable level. Our electrostatic
simulations of a MAST H-mode discharge exhibit turbulent electron heat
transport comparable with experiment in the outer core region, and are broadly consistent
with the paradigm of an electron temperature profile governed by pedestal
height and critical electron temperature gradient. Neoclassical transport dominates
the ions, and is also comparable with experiment. The two species are decoupled
in the sense that the collisional equilibration between ions and electrons is small
compared to the sources across most of the plasma.
Focusing on a single flux surface in this region, still using both kinetic electrons
and kinetic ions, we find that at early simulation times the heat flux "quasi-saturates"
with the turbulence dominated by streamer-like radially elongated structures. However,
the zonal fluctuation component continues to grow slowly until much later
times, eventually leading to a new saturated state dominated by the zonal component.
Simplifying further to an adiabatic ion model (which shows the same slow
evolution behaviour), we find that in the final saturated state (which determines
the macroscopic energy transport) the electron heat flux is approximately proportional
to the collision rate. We outline an explanation of this effect based on zonalnonzonal
interactions and a scaling of the zonal damping rate with electron-ion
collisionality. Improved energy confinement with decreasing collisionality has previously
been observed experimentally in STs, and is favourable towards the performance
of future devices, which are expected to be hotter and thus less collisional.</p