Ocular Non-P450 oxidative, hydrolytic and conjugative drug metabolizing enzymes

Abstract

Metabolism in the eye for any species, preclinical or human, is gaining rapid interest as pharmaceutical scientists aim to treat a wide range of so-called incurable ocular diseases. Over a period of decades, reports of metabolic activity toward various drugs and biochemical markers in select ocular tissues of in animals and humans have emerged. Ocular P450 enzymes and transporters have been recently reviewed. However, there is a dearth of collated information on non-P450 drug metabolizing enzymes in eyes of various preclinical species and humans in health and disease. In an effort to complement ocular P450s and transporters, which have been well reviewed in the literature, this review is aimed at presenting collective information on non-P450 oxidative, hydrolytic and conjugative ocular drug metabolizing enzymes. We also present a list of xenobiotics or drugs that have been reported to be metabolized in the eye