Gilardi, G.

Gullino, M. L.

Llera Duran, T.

Masino, A.

Pugliese, M.

English

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

induce micro-climatic and environmental conditions suitable for the devel-opment of fungal pathogens on olive trees. Moreover, in the last years thequarantine pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is causing the Quick DeclineSyndrome of olive trees in wide areas of Salento, with a rapid dieback oftwigs and branches followed by death of the entire tree. The co-occurrence offungal pathogens together with X. fastidiosa has been reported as con-causeof the olive decline. We have been isolating two hundred ninety-five fungalstrains from trunks, branches, twigs, bark and root of both symptomatic andasymptomatic olive trees, grown in Salento. Based on similar morphologicaltraits, we grouped the fungal strains and 75 representative ones were molec-ularly characterized by sequencing a partial region of the two informative β-tubulin and actin genes. Blast analysis assigned the fungal strains to 15genera, most of which include species associated to olive tree dieback:Alternaria, Arthrinium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Colletotricum,Diplodia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Neofusicoccum, Paraconiothyrium,Phaeoacremonium, Phoma, Phomopsis, Pleurostomophora, Trichoderma.Further analyses, including the sequencing of ITS region, are currently inprogress to identify all strains at species level and assess phylogenetic anal-yses according with a multi-locus gene sequence approach.This work was financially supported by the Apulia Region ResearchProgram "Sperimentazione Finalizzata alla Prevenzione e alContenimento del Complesso del Disseccamento Rapido del Olivo(CoDiRO)". Project EZIOCONTROL.Young students and plant health: bringing to thelight the environmental protection issuesA. Masino1, T. Llera Duran1, M. Pugliese1,2, G. Gilardi1,M.L. Gullino1,21University of Torino, Centre of Competence for the Innovation in theAgro-Environmental Field (AGROINNOVA), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; 2University of Torino, Department ofAgricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Largo Paolo Braccini2, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy. E-mail: andrea.masino@unito.itYoung students can act, even if with modest impact, as multipliers for theenvironmental education activities, transmitting the knowledge acquiredabout environmental issues to their grandparents, parents and peers. In orderto achieve its objectives, the researchmust open its doors to both children andteachers, giving them the opportunity to directly observe the activities devel-oped by the researchers in up-to-date facilities. Awork-related learning na-tional programme helps research centres and departments to involve second-ary schools and improve their awareness regarding plant health. More stu-dents needed to approach scientific disciplines, often seen as difficult and notentertaining. Particularly, initiatives for attracting more women in science,with special reference to plant pathology,must bementioned. Plant health is akey factor to reduce hunger and rural poverty. Over the last years, about3,000 children were educated and 200 young students from secondaryschools spent their work-related learning programme in the field of plantpathology. At Agroinnova the experience gained with them convinced usthat it is possible to communicate, with the adequate language and activities,the research done in an agricultural research centre to a young audience. Theresearch community at large, including plant pathology, is facing more chal-lenges with limited human resources and funding available. Young peopleare, in general, capable of understanding the objectives and motivations ofthe research. They help to bring to the light some misconceptions aboutagriculture that could otherwise pass unnoticed.This work was supported by the European Community’s SeventhFramework Programme (FTP/2007-2013) under grant agreementn°261752, PLANTFOODSEC BPlant and Food Biosecurity, Networksof Excellence^.Influence of CO2 and temperature on theBlumeria graminis f. sp. triticiwheat pathosystemS. Matić1, M.A. Cucu1, A. Garibaldi1, M.L. Gullino1,21Università degli Studi di Torino, Centro AGROINNOVA, Largo Braccini2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; 2Università degli Studi di Torino,DISAFA, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy. E-mail:slavica.matic@unito.itThe combined effect of different temperatures and CO2 levels was esti-mated on the Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt)/wheat pathosystem.Bgt-inoculated and healthy plants were exposed under phytotron condi-tions to six CO2 and temperature combinations: (1) 450 ppm CO2 (am-bient CO2) + 18-22 °C (low temperature), (2) 850 ppm CO2 (elevatedCO2) + 18-22 °C (low temperature), (3) 450 ppm CO2 (ambient CO2) +22-26 °C (medium temperature), (4) 850 ppm CO2 (elevated CO2) + 22-26 °C (medium temperature), (5) 450 ppm CO2 (ambient CO2) + 26-30°C (high temperature), and (6) 850 ppm CO2 (elevated CO2) + 26-30 °C(high temperature). Bgt/wheat pathosystem was evaluated by measure-ment of different fungal and plant parameters such as disease index,fungal DNA quantity, pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, plantdeath incidence, chlorophyll and carbohydrate content. Powdery mildewprogress was influenced significantly by both CO2 and temperature, andtheir interaction. The most favorable conditions for the powdery mildewdevelopment onwheat were low temperature and ambient CO2. Althoughhigh CO2 did not favor disease development, it affected the plant vitality.Pathogen growth was strongly inhibited by elevated temperatures withboth CO2 conditions, and typical disease symptoms could not be ob-served. The PR transcripts showed different levels of expression betweensix phytotron conditions. Real-time PCR quantification permitted a sen-sitive pathogen detection at the early stages of the disease. This studysuggested that Mediterranean area with average warming increase mightresult in lower incidence of wheat powdery mildew, unless the pathogenwould adapt to elevated temperatures.The research that has led to these results has received funding from theEuropean Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program undergrant agreement number 634179 BEffective Management of Pests andHarmful Alien Species-Integrated Solutions^ (EMPHASIS).Pythium spp. in vegetable crops: genetic diversityand sensitivity to mefenoxam and azoxystrobinS. Matić1, G. Gilardi1, U. Gisi1, M.L. Gullino1,2, A.Garibaldi11Università degli Studi di Torino, Centro AGROINNOVA, Largo Braccini2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; 2Università degli Studi di Torino,DISAFA, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy. E-mail:slavica.matic@unito.itRecently, severe yield losses caused byPythium spp. were observed in Italyon lettuce, lamb’s lettuce, spinach, and bean crops. Pythium diseases aremainly controlled by two fungicides classes, phenlyamides and QoIs, withmefenoxam and azoxystrobin as representatives, respectively. The presentstudy aimed to estimate the sensitivity profiles of six Pythium species tomefenoxam and azoxystrobin, and their genetic diversity by ITS, RNApolymerase I and cytochrome b gene sequences. For mefenoxam, theinter-species sensitivity was quite variable and many resistant isolates wereobserved in all Pythium species, but without RNA polymerase I polymor-phisms. For azoxystrobin, inter- and intra-species sensitivity was quitestable, with exception of one Pythium paroecandrum isolate, which636 J Plant Pathol (2018) 100:613–653

Young students and plant health: bringing to the light the environmental protection issues

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Young students and plant health: bringing to the light the environmental protection issues

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