This study looks into control and enforcement of geographically rooted non-agricultural
products protected by intellectual property mechanisms. Based on desk research,
stakeholder interviews and an electronic survey conducted for a research sample of 30
real-life products (from several EU Member States and non-EU countries), six existing
protection systems are investigated with regard to their control and enforcement
mechanisms, with a case study produced for each system: 1) EU collective marks, 2) EU
certification marks, 3) national certification marks, 4) national sui generis geographical
indication (GI) protection of non-agricultural products, 5) EU sui generis GI protection of
agri-food and drink products, and 6) protection systems in non-EU countries. The six
protection systems are then compared and analysed with regard to their effectiveness,
cost-efficiency and relevance. Lastly, three models for control and enforcement under a
potential EU-wide system for the protection of non-agricultural geographically rooted
products are developed. Each model represents a different degree of involvement by public
authorities in the control and enforcement process
